Table 1.
Childhood mental disorder prevalence study characteristics
| Study | Study location | Data collection year(s) | Sampling frame | Sample size* | Ages (years) | Diagnostic standard | Diagnostic measure† | Informant(s) | Timeframe‡ (months) |
| Canino 2004s2 | Puerto Rico (USA) | 1999–2000 | Households | 1897 | 4–17 | DSM-IV | DISC-IV | Child or parent | 12 |
| Chen 2020s3 | Taiwan | 2015–2017 | Schools | 4816 | 7–14 | DSM-5 | K-SADS-E | Child | 6 |
| Costello 2003s4 | North Carolina (USA) | 1993–2000 | Schools | 1420 | 9–16 | DSM-IV | CAPA | Child or parent | 3 |
| Elberling 2015s5 | Copenhagen (Denmark) | 2000 | Population registry | 1585 | 5–7 | ICD-10 | DAWBA | Parent + teacher | 1–12 |
| Farbstein 2010s6 | Israel | 2004–2005 | Population registry | 957 | 14–17 | DSM-IV | DAWBA | Child + parent | 1–12 |
| Ford 2003s7 | England, Scotland, Wales (Great Britain) | 1999 | Households | 10 438 | 5–15 | DSM-IV | DAWBA | Child + parent + teacher | 1–12 |
| Georgiades 2019s8 | Ontario (Canada) | 2014–2015 | Households | 6537 | 4–17 | DSM-IV-TR | MINI-KID | Child/parent | 6 |
| Heiervang 2007s9 | Bergen (Norway) | 2002–2003 | Schools | 6297 | 8–10 | DSM-IV | DAWBA | Parent + teacher | 1–12 |
| Kessler 2012s1, s10 | USA | 2001–2004 | Households + schools | 6483 | 13–17 | DSM-IV | CIDI | Child or parent | 12 |
| Lawrence 2016s11 | Australia | 2013–2014 | Households | 6310 | 4–17 | DSM-IV | DISC-IV | Parent§ | 12 |
| Lesinkiene 2018s12 | Lithuania | 2004–2007 | Schools | 3309 | 7–16 | ICD-10 | DAWBA | Parent + child + teacher | 1–12 |
| Merikangas 2010s13 | USA | 2001–2004 | Population registry | 3042 | 8–15 | DSM-IV | DISC-IV | Child or parent | 12 |
| Park 2015s14 | Seoul (South Korea) | 2005–2006 | Schools | 1645 | 6–12 | DSM-IV | DISC-IV | Parent | 12 |
| Vicente 2012s15 | Cautin, Conception, Iquique, Santiago (Chile) | 2007–2009 | Households | 1558 | 4–18 | DSM-IV | DISC-IV | Child/parent | 12 |
+ Diagnoses determined using clinical judgement combining information from multiple informants. / Diagnoses determined relying on a single informant based either on disorders and/or age ranges; figure 2 gives details on data used in meta-analysis. (Online supplemental appendix D lists references s1 to s15). 'or' Diagnoses determined applying ‘OR’ rule whereby disorders were counted if diagnostic thresholds met by any informant (either child or parent).
*51.2% of participants were girls.
†Fully structured measures included CAPA, CIDI, DISC-IV and MINI-KID; semi-structured measures included DAWBA and K-SADS-E.
‡Duration over which symptoms/impairment were assessed; when a range of timeframes were provided, 12 month prevalence was chosen.
§While 11- to 17-year-olds were informants for one disorder, only parent reported estimates were used in meta-analyses due to insufficient data for calculating overall rate for 11- to 17-year-olds.
CAPA, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; DAWBA, Development and Well-Being Assessment; DISC-IV, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; ICD, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems; K-SADS-E, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Epidemiological; MINI-KID, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents.