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. 2021 Dec 4;9(1):398–407. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13737

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics by iron status

Variables a All patients (N = 692) Absolute ID at baseline (N = 305) Functional ID at baseline (N = 192) No ID at baseline (N = 195) P value (χ 2 or Kruskal–Wallis H)
Age, years 78 (70–84) 79 (72–84) 78 (70–84) 76 (69–82) 0.014
Female sex, N (%) 294 (42.5) 158 (51.8) 84 (43.8) 52 (26.7) <0.001
BMI, kg/m2 27.8 (24.3–32.0) 27.9 (24.1–32.7) 27.1 (24.2–31.6) 28.0 (24.9–31.3) 0.842
Established ASCVD, N (%) 299 (43.4%) 130 (42.8%) 81 (42.6%) 88 (45.1%) 0.847
Atrial fibrillation or flutter, N (%) 386 (55.8%) 180 (59%) 108 (56.3%) 98 (50.3%) 0.155
Valve disease, N (%) 218 (31.5%) 96 (31.5%) 63 (32.8%) 59 (30.3%) 0.864
History of HF, N (%) 387 (55.9%) 180 (59.0%) 103 (53.6%) 104 (53.3%) 0.347
LVEF, % 38 (27–50) 38 (27–50) 40 (27–50) 38 (25–50) 0.957
HFrEF, N (%) 261 (56.1%) 111 (56.9%) 75 (54.7%) 75 (56.4%) 0.962
HFmrEF, N (%) 82 (17.6%) 33 (16.9%) 27 (19.7%) 22 (16.5%)
HFpEF, N (%) 122 (26.2%) 51 (26.2%) 35 (25.5%) 36 (27.1%)
NYHA class 0.235
I, N (%) 7 (1.2%) 5 (2.0%) 2 (1.3%) 0 (0%)
II, N (%) 85 (14.9%) 31 (12.4%) 24 (15.2%) 30 (18.4%)
III, N (%) 315 (55.1%) 134 (53.4%) 88 (55.7%) 93 (57.1%)
IV, N (%) 165 (28.8%) 81 (32.3%) 44 (27.8%) 40 (24.5%)
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg 137 (120–157) 138 (121–156) 140 (120–159) 135 (119–155) 0.417
Diabetes mellitus, N (%) 240 (34.7%) 121 (39.7%) 65 (33.9%) 54 (27.7%) 0.022
Hypertension, N (%) 404 (58.5%) 183 (60.2%) 115 (59.9%) 106 (54.4%) 0.388
CVA/TIA, N (%) 120 (17.3%) 62 (20.3%) 6 (13.5%) 32 (16.4%) 0.139
COPD/asthma, N (%) 149 (21.5%) 72 (23.6%) 39 (20.3%) 38 (19.5%) 0.490
Systemic inflammatory disease, N (%) 36 (5.2) 17 (5.6) 14 (7.3) 5 (2.6) 0.103
Malignancy, N (%) 90 (13.0%) 42 (13.8%) 23 (12.0%) 25 (12.8%) 0.843
Alcohol abuse (>6 units/day), N (%) 29 (4.2) 13 (4.3) 3 (1.6) 13 (6.7) 0.043
Oral anticoagulation, N (%) 342 (64.9) 151 (67.7) 92 (65.2) 99 (60.7) 0.364
Acetylsalicylic acid therapy, N (%) 171 (29.0) 69 (26.0) 47 (29.9) 55 (32.9) 0.294
P1Y12‐inhibitor therapy, N (%) 92 (15.4%) 35 (13.2%) 28 (17.4%) 29 (17.1%) 0.392
Serum ferritin, μg/L 114 (58–231) 53 (35–74) 165 (128–224) 342 (190–510) NA
Serum iron, μmol/L 8.9 (6.0–12.0) 7.1 (6.0–10.0) 8.0 (6.0–10.0) 12.0 (8.0–15.2) NA
Serum transferrin, g/L 2.5 (2.2–2.9) 2.8 (2.5–3.2) 2.4 (2.1–2.7) 2.2 (2.0–2.5) NA
TSAT, % 14 (9–19) 10 (8–16) 14 (10–17) 21 (15–25) NA
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 54.7 (39.6–73.6) 52.5 (38.8–71.2) 55.8 (40.6–75.3) 56.5 (40.6–76.8) 0.349
CRP, mg/L 10 (4–24) 8 (4–17) 15 (6–35) 10 (4–36) <0.001
Haemoglobin, mmol/L
Male 8.2 (1.2) 7.8 (1.1) 8.2 (1.2) 8.5 (1.3) <0.001
Female 7.8 (1.1) 7.7 (1.1) 7.9 (1.0) 8.1 (1.3) 0.141
Anaemia, N (%) 156 (22.5) 88 (28.9) 32 (16.7) 36 (18.5) 0.002
NTproBNP, pmol/L 520 (261–1025) 494 (260–951) 536 (239–1194) 580 (276–1039) 0.508
BNP, pmol/L 499 (234–1168) 363 (229–856) 548 (220–1442) 623 (259–1606) 0.578
Length of stay, (days) 7 (5–10) 7 (5–11) 8 (5–10) 8 (5–11) 0.639
Change in body weight, (kg) b −2.7 (−0.5 to −5.3) −2.7 (−0.5 to −5.1) −2.6 (−0.5 to −5.2) −3.2 (−0.3 to −6.2) 0.931
In‐hospital mortality, N (%) 22 (3.2%) 8 (2.6%) 5 (2.6%) 9 (4.6%) 0.409
a

All continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range) except for haemoglobin [mean (SD)].

b

Change from first measured weight (usually Day 2 of hospitalization) to weight at discharge.

Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction (40.1–49.9%); HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (≥50%); HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (≤40%); ID, iron deficiency; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NA, not applicable; NTproBNP, N‐terminal (NT)‐pro hormone Brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; TSAT, transferrin saturation.