Table 1.
Variables a | All patients (N = 692) | Absolute ID at baseline (N = 305) | Functional ID at baseline (N = 192) | No ID at baseline (N = 195) | P value (χ 2 or Kruskal–Wallis H) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 78 (70–84) | 79 (72–84) | 78 (70–84) | 76 (69–82) | 0.014 |
Female sex, N (%) | 294 (42.5) | 158 (51.8) | 84 (43.8) | 52 (26.7) | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.8 (24.3–32.0) | 27.9 (24.1–32.7) | 27.1 (24.2–31.6) | 28.0 (24.9–31.3) | 0.842 |
Established ASCVD, N (%) | 299 (43.4%) | 130 (42.8%) | 81 (42.6%) | 88 (45.1%) | 0.847 |
Atrial fibrillation or flutter, N (%) | 386 (55.8%) | 180 (59%) | 108 (56.3%) | 98 (50.3%) | 0.155 |
Valve disease, N (%) | 218 (31.5%) | 96 (31.5%) | 63 (32.8%) | 59 (30.3%) | 0.864 |
History of HF, N (%) | 387 (55.9%) | 180 (59.0%) | 103 (53.6%) | 104 (53.3%) | 0.347 |
LVEF, % | 38 (27–50) | 38 (27–50) | 40 (27–50) | 38 (25–50) | 0.957 |
HFrEF, N (%) | 261 (56.1%) | 111 (56.9%) | 75 (54.7%) | 75 (56.4%) | 0.962 |
HFmrEF, N (%) | 82 (17.6%) | 33 (16.9%) | 27 (19.7%) | 22 (16.5%) | |
HFpEF, N (%) | 122 (26.2%) | 51 (26.2%) | 35 (25.5%) | 36 (27.1%) | |
NYHA class | 0.235 | ||||
I, N (%) | 7 (1.2%) | 5 (2.0%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
II, N (%) | 85 (14.9%) | 31 (12.4%) | 24 (15.2%) | 30 (18.4%) | |
III, N (%) | 315 (55.1%) | 134 (53.4%) | 88 (55.7%) | 93 (57.1%) | |
IV, N (%) | 165 (28.8%) | 81 (32.3%) | 44 (27.8%) | 40 (24.5%) | |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 137 (120–157) | 138 (121–156) | 140 (120–159) | 135 (119–155) | 0.417 |
Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 240 (34.7%) | 121 (39.7%) | 65 (33.9%) | 54 (27.7%) | 0.022 |
Hypertension, N (%) | 404 (58.5%) | 183 (60.2%) | 115 (59.9%) | 106 (54.4%) | 0.388 |
CVA/TIA, N (%) | 120 (17.3%) | 62 (20.3%) | 6 (13.5%) | 32 (16.4%) | 0.139 |
COPD/asthma, N (%) | 149 (21.5%) | 72 (23.6%) | 39 (20.3%) | 38 (19.5%) | 0.490 |
Systemic inflammatory disease, N (%) | 36 (5.2) | 17 (5.6) | 14 (7.3) | 5 (2.6) | 0.103 |
Malignancy, N (%) | 90 (13.0%) | 42 (13.8%) | 23 (12.0%) | 25 (12.8%) | 0.843 |
Alcohol abuse (>6 units/day), N (%) | 29 (4.2) | 13 (4.3) | 3 (1.6) | 13 (6.7) | 0.043 |
Oral anticoagulation, N (%) | 342 (64.9) | 151 (67.7) | 92 (65.2) | 99 (60.7) | 0.364 |
Acetylsalicylic acid therapy, N (%) | 171 (29.0) | 69 (26.0) | 47 (29.9) | 55 (32.9) | 0.294 |
P1Y12‐inhibitor therapy, N (%) | 92 (15.4%) | 35 (13.2%) | 28 (17.4%) | 29 (17.1%) | 0.392 |
Serum ferritin, μg/L | 114 (58–231) | 53 (35–74) | 165 (128–224) | 342 (190–510) | NA |
Serum iron, μmol/L | 8.9 (6.0–12.0) | 7.1 (6.0–10.0) | 8.0 (6.0–10.0) | 12.0 (8.0–15.2) | NA |
Serum transferrin, g/L | 2.5 (2.2–2.9) | 2.8 (2.5–3.2) | 2.4 (2.1–2.7) | 2.2 (2.0–2.5) | NA |
TSAT, % | 14 (9–19) | 10 (8–16) | 14 (10–17) | 21 (15–25) | NA |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 54.7 (39.6–73.6) | 52.5 (38.8–71.2) | 55.8 (40.6–75.3) | 56.5 (40.6–76.8) | 0.349 |
CRP, mg/L | 10 (4–24) | 8 (4–17) | 15 (6–35) | 10 (4–36) | <0.001 |
Haemoglobin, mmol/L | |||||
Male | 8.2 (1.2) | 7.8 (1.1) | 8.2 (1.2) | 8.5 (1.3) | <0.001 |
Female | 7.8 (1.1) | 7.7 (1.1) | 7.9 (1.0) | 8.1 (1.3) | 0.141 |
Anaemia, N (%) | 156 (22.5) | 88 (28.9) | 32 (16.7) | 36 (18.5) | 0.002 |
NTproBNP, pmol/L | 520 (261–1025) | 494 (260–951) | 536 (239–1194) | 580 (276–1039) | 0.508 |
BNP, pmol/L | 499 (234–1168) | 363 (229–856) | 548 (220–1442) | 623 (259–1606) | 0.578 |
Length of stay, (days) | 7 (5–10) | 7 (5–11) | 8 (5–10) | 8 (5–11) | 0.639 |
Change in body weight, (kg) b | −2.7 (−0.5 to −5.3) | −2.7 (−0.5 to −5.1) | −2.6 (−0.5 to −5.2) | −3.2 (−0.3 to −6.2) | 0.931 |
In‐hospital mortality, N (%) | 22 (3.2%) | 8 (2.6%) | 5 (2.6%) | 9 (4.6%) | 0.409 |
All continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range) except for haemoglobin [mean (SD)].
Change from first measured weight (usually Day 2 of hospitalization) to weight at discharge.
Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction (40.1–49.9%); HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (≥50%); HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (≤40%); ID, iron deficiency; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NA, not applicable; NTproBNP, N‐terminal (NT)‐pro hormone Brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; TSAT, transferrin saturation.