Table 3.
Qualifications of registered practitioners and designated bodies in Malaysia (recited and edited) [24, 25]
| Recognized Practice Area | Subarea/Subfield | Qualification | Existence of Capacity Building Modulea | Designated Practitioner Bodies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Malay Medicine | Malay herbs | Not available | O | Federation of Traditional Malay Medicine Practitioners Associations of Malaysia |
| Malay massage |
Level 4 (diploma): Therapeutic Massage and Care Advanced Diploma in Malay Massage from the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Polytechnic (2010–2012) |
|||
| Malay cupping | Level 3 (certificate): Wind Cupping Therapy | |||
| Postnatal care | Level 4 (diploma): Mama Care Post-Natal | |||
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Chinese herbs |
a) Bachelor’s Degree in TCM or equivalent; or b) Bachelor’s Degree in Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina or equivalent; or c) Diploma in TCM, graduation from one of 15 listed local TCM colleges |
O |
Malaysian Chinese Medical Association Federation of Chinese Physicians and Medicine Dealers Associations of Malay Federation of Chinese Physicians and Acupuncturists Associations of Malaysia |
| Acupuncture and Moxibustion | ||||
| Chinese cupping | ||||
| Tuina | ||||
| Traditional Indian Medicineb | Ayurveda | Bachelor’s Degree in Ayurveda or equivalent | O | Malaysian Association of Traditional Indian Medicine |
| Siddha | Bachelor’s Degree in Siddha or equivalent | O | ||
| Unani | Bachelor’s Degree in Unani or equivalent | X | ||
| Yoga and naturopathy | Bachelor’s Degree in Yoga and Naturopathy or equivalent | X | ||
| Homeopathy | - | Bachelor’s Degree in Homeopathy or equivalent | O | Malaysian Medical Homeopathic Council |
| Chiropractic | - | Bachelor’s Degree in Chiropractic or equivalent | X | Federation of Complementary and Natural Medical Association, Malaysia |
| Osteopathyb | - | Bachelor’s Degree in Osteopathy or equivalent | X | |
| Islamic Medical Practiceb | - | Level 4 (diploma): Ruqyah Healing | X | Malaysian Islamic Medical, Medical and Welfare Association |
Level 3: Malaysian skills certificate
Level 4: Malaysian skills diploma
Equivalent: As recognized by the Council
a Module developed by the Ministry of Health to help local practitioners who lack basic registrable qualifications but who possess years of practical experience to register as T&CM practitioners under the T&CM Act 2016
b No accredited institutions by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency for higher education programs