Fig. 3.

Comparison of the estimates of (A) the distribution of negative fitness effects (DFE) and (B) the proportion of adaptive substitutions (α) for genes expressed in individual haploid components of the male and female gametophytes and the diploid nucleus. Number of genes in each set: vegetative pollen (n = 4,148), sperm (n = 3,218), pollen tubes (n = 5,032), synergids (n = 511), egg (n = 1,607), nucleus (n = 6,875), and unpollinated pistil (n = 9,555). Error bars represent the bootstrap standard error (200 replicates). Different letters denote statistically significant differences between gene sets.