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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Clean Prod. 2021 Sep 20;316:1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128347

Table 4.

Dataset of this case study with a flat structure of balancing criteria, developed by the authors from the hypothetical case study from Appendix A in EPA (1988b) (An upward pointing arrow indicates better performance for higher values, whereas a downward pointing arrow indicates better performance for lower values).

Case A Balancing criteria


Criteria Long-term effectiveness and permanence Reduction of toxicity, mobility or volume through treatment Short term effectiveness Implementability Cost





C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5

Measurement scale range 0–4 0–4 0–4 0–4 $
Preference direction
Alternative 1 0 0 2 4 500,000
Alternative 2 3 3 3 3 3,000,000
Alternative 3 3 3 4 1 5,000,000