FIG 4.

Volatile compounds produced by Paenibacillus sp. strain UY79 exert antagonistic activity against different fungi and oomycetes. Antagonism was analyzed by the two-base plate method. (A) Production of volatile compounds with antimicrobial activity was evidenced as growth inhibition of the fungi/oomycetes facing strain UY79 (bottom plates) in comparison with the fungal growth of the fungi/oomycetes not facing the bacterium (upper plates). Fungi/oomycetes analyzed were Botrytis cinerea A1 (a), Fusarium graminearum S127 (b), Fusarium oxysporum J38 (c), Fusarium semitectum J41 (d), Fusarium verticillioides A71 (e), Macrophomina phaseolina J431 (f), Phomopsis longicolla J429 (g), Phytophthora sojae Ps25 (h), Pythium ultimum Py03 (i), Rhizoctonia solani Rz01 (j), Sclerotium rolfsii 1948 (k), and Trichoderma atroviride 1607 (l). Assays were performed on PDA medium except for P. sojae Ps25, which was grown on V8 agar medium. The experiment was done in triplicate. (A) Photographs of one representative plate per treatment. (B) Percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (mean values ± standard deviation).