FIG 5.

Paenibacillus sp. strain UY79 exhibits cellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, and protease activity, as well as siderophore production. (A) Cellulase activity was detected as a clear halo around colonies grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-containing medium after staining with Congo red. E. coli DH5α cel5 (DH5 cel5) and P. putida KT2440 cel5 (KT cel5) were used as positive controls, while E. coli DH5α (DH5) and P. putida KT2440 (KT) were used as negative controls. (B) Beta-glucosidase activity was detected as a dark halo around colonies grown on esculin-containing medium. E. coli DH5α β-glu (DH5 βglu) and P. putida KT2440 β-glu (KT βglu) were used as positive controls, while E. coli DH5α (DH5) and P. putida KT2440 (KT) were used as negative controls. (C) Xylanase activity was detected as a clear halo around Paenibacillus sp. UY79 colonies on xylan-containing medium. (D) Proteolytic activity was detected as a clear halo around Paenibacillus sp. UY79 colonies on skim milk-containing medium. (E) Siderophore production was detected in CAS medium as an orange halo around bacterial colonies.