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. 2021 Aug 20;2(6):zqab042. doi: 10.1093/function/zqab042

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Physiological Society.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Renal excretory function and blood flow in conscious and sevoflurane anesthetized sheep. Urine output (mL/kg/h) (A), sodium excretion (mmol/kg/h) (B), fractional sodium excretion (%) (C), free water clearance (mL/min) (D), body surface area adjusted creatinine clearance (mL/min) (E) and RBF (mL/min) (F) in conscious sheep (filled black connected circles) compared with the same sheep under sevoflurane anesthesia ((filled red connected triangles). Comparisons were made at baseline and 2 h after an intravenous fluid load with 20 mL/kg Ringer's acetate solution infused over 30 min. Data are presented as mean ± SEM with the significance level set as P < .05. Changes in parameters over time were analyzed according to a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, the repeating variables being time and treatment (anesthesia/conscious). Changes over time were interpreted as an effect of the fluid bolus and differences in treatment as an effect of sevoflurane anesthesia. A significant interaction between time and treatment was interpreted as an effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on the response to fluid loading. Creatinine clearance was calculated as urinary flow in mL/min * U-crea/P-crea, and then normalized according to body surface area. CH2O was calculated as urinary flow in mL/min—((U-osm/P-osm) * urinary flow in mL/min). FENa was calculated as (P-crea * U-Na)/(P-Na * U-crea), all in mmol/L. Renal vascular resistance was calculated as (MAP-CVP)/RBF. N = 7.