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. 2021 Aug 20;2(6):zqab042. doi: 10.1093/function/zqab042

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Physiological Society.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 6. — Renal excretory function and blood flow in conscious and sevoflurane anesthetized sheep with intact renal nerves and after renal denervation. Urine output (mL/kg/h) (A), sodium excretion (mmol/kg/h) (B), fractional excretion of sodium (%) (C), body surface area adjusted creatinine clearance (mL/min) (D), RBF (mL/min) (E) and renal vascular resistance (mmHg/mL/min) (F) investigated in conscious sheep with and without intact renal innervation, sevoflurane anesthetized sheep with and without renal innervation and renal denervated sheep with intravenous infusion of losartan (5 mg/mL in 0.9% NaCl, 4 mg/kg bolus followed by 2 mg/kg/h) or the vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist Propionyl-D-Tyr(Et)-Phe-Val-Asn-Abu-Pro-Arg-Arg-NH₂ (20 µg/mL in 0.9% NaCl, 1 µg/kg/h). Comparisons are performed 2 h after start of a fluid load (Ringer's Acetate, 20 mL/kg) to avoid any potential confounding effects of intravascular hypovolemia associated to anesthesia. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (large filled circles with error bars) with the significance level set as P < .05. Values for individual sheep are illustrated by small filled circles. N = 7 in all except “conscious” in Sodium excretion, FENa and Creatinine clearance BSA where N = 6 due to a lost U-creatinine sample; in RBF and Renal vascular resistance where N = 6 in “conscious RDN” and “Sevoflurane RDN,” N = 4 in “Sevoflurane RDN los” and “Sevoflurane RDN AVP-i” due to probe failure. In RVR “conscious” two individual measurements are overlapping at 0.25 mmHg/mL/min and in creatinine clearance “sevoflurane RDN los” two individual measurements are overlapping at 113 mL/min. P values were derived from a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD posthoc test if a significant main effect. Horizontal bars with P-values correspond to the two experiments linked by the ends of the bars. For sake of clarity only significant differences are indicated for the following comparisons: Sevoflurane versus Sevoflurane RDN, Sevoflurane RDN versus Sevoflurane RDN los, Sevoflurane RDN versus Sevoflurane RDN AVP-I; Sevoflurane RDN versus Conscious RDN and Conscious vs Conscious RDN. Creatinine clearance was calculated as urinary flow in mL/min * U-crea/P-crea, and then normalized according to body surface area. C_H2O was calculated as urinary flow in mL/min—((U-osm/P-osm) * urinary flow in mL/min). FENa was calculated as (P-crea * U-Na)/(P-Na * U-crea), all in mmol/L. Renal vascular resistance was calculated as (MAP-CVP)/RBF. RDN = renal denervation. Los = losartan (ARB). AVP-i = arginine-vasopressin-inhibitor (propionyl-vasopressin).