Fig. 3.

Introduction of pathways to increase acetyl-CoA synthesis in mevalonate-producing strains using 2μ plasmids. (A) Introduction of bifid shunt pathway enzymes. (B) Overexpression of ALD6 aiming to enhance the PDH-bypass or CAB1 to boost CoA synthesis. The mevalonate cassette (Ef-mvaE, Ef-mvaF, Sc-acs^L641P) is integrated in d-sites in all strains; JCY98 and JCY99 also contains it in a 2μ plasmid. Fermentations were carried out for 7 days starting from low cell density. Error bars represent one standard deviation from three biologically independent replicates. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.