FIGURE 1.

Effects of Gynura procumbens leaves extract (GPE) on CHMp‐13a (a) and CHMp‐5b (b) cell proliferation using the MTT assay. Cells (7 × 10³ cells/well) were incubated for 17, 21, and 28 h with four different concentrations (0, 40, 80, and 160 μg/ml) of GPE. Each data point indicates the mean of three separate experiments ± SD. Statistical differences were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons post hoc tests. Significant differences from the control are indicated: ^∗ p < 0.05; ^∗∗ p < 0.01