FIGURE 9.

Effects of Gynura procumbens leaves extract (GPE) on protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), AKT, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylated AKT, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 in CHMp‐5b cells (a–d). Cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 80, and 160 μg/ml) of GPE for 28 h. Relative abundance of EGFR and PTEN protein were normalized to ß‐actin. The phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK1/2 were normalized to the total AKT and ERK1/2, respectively. Each data point indicates the mean of three separate experiments ± SD. Statistical differences were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons post hoc tests. Significant differences from the control are indicated: ^∗ p < 0.05; ^∗∗ p < 0.01