Table 1. Baseline characteristics (FAS analysis).
| Topiroxostat (n = 70) | Allopurinol (n = 70) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 71.7±9.7 | 69.9±9.1 | 0.26 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 57 (81.4) | 56 (80.0) | 0.83 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.1±4.2 | 25.0±3.6 | 0.84 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 42 (60.0) | 55 (78.6) | 0.017 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 26 (37.1) | 21 (30.0) | 0.37 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 41 (58.6) | 41 (58.6) | 1.00 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 12 (17.1) | 13 (18.6) | 0.83 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 30 (42.9) | 28 (40.0) | 0.73 |
| Arrhythmia episode, n (%) | 13 (18.6) | 13 (18.6) | 1.00 |
| NYHA I/II | 45/25 | 49/21 | 0.47 |
| Etiology of heart failure, n (%) | |||
| Ischemic heart disease | 29 (41.4) | 32 (45.7) | 0.61 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 18 (25.7) | 13 (18.6) | 0.31 |
| Valvular disease | 12 (17.1) | 12 (17.1) | 1.00 |
| Hypertensive heart failure | 8 (11.4) | 9 (12.9) | 0.80 |
| Others | 15 (21.4) | 18 (25.7) | 0.55 |
| Biochemical data | |||
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 640.5 (325.0, 1370.0) | 568.5 (313.0, 1160.0) | 0.33 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 127.5 (84.9, 251.9) (n = 69) | 126.5 (80.9, 191.0) (n = 69) | 0.38 |
| Troponin I, pg/mL | 7.4 (3.9, 17.1) | 6.8 (4.4, 14.6) | 0.63 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73/m2 | 54.4±15.6 (n = 69) | 56.5±16.8 (n = 68) | 0.46 |
| Urinary albumin, mg/g·Cr | 14.3 (6.0, 79.6) (n = 69) | 19.7 (6.9, 57.2) (n = 70) | 0.56 |
| Urinary 8-OHdG, ng/mg·Cr | 7.7±3.5 | 7.2±4.0 | 0.47 |
| Urinary L-FABP,μg/g·Cr | 3.1 (1.9, 6.2) | 3.3 (1.9, 5.7) | 0.94 |
| MDA-LDL, U/L | 95.6±31.8 | 96.2±29.5 | 0.90 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 8.3±1.4 (n = 69) | 8.2±1.4 (n = 69) | 0.63 |
| XOR activity, pmol/h/mL | 33.8 (25.5, 61.5) | 29.2 (18.1, 57.5) | 0.48 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||
| LVEF, % | 52.4±12.9 (n = 70) | 50.6±13.3 (n = 68) | 0.42 |
| E, cm/sec | 81.8±41.1 (n = 69) | 75.7±37.1 (n = 70) | 0.36 |
| E/e’ | 13.9±6.7 (n = 58) | 13.1±7.1 (n = 67) | 0.50 |
| TRPG, mmHg | 23.7±9.7 (n = 60) | 20.4±7.4 (n = 55) | 0.047 |
| Vascular endothelial function data | |||
| FMD, % | 4.88±2.38 (n = 32) | 4.73±2.29 (n = 33) | 0.80 |
| RHI | 1.76±0.56 (n = 68) | 1.80±0.65 (n = 68) | 0.69 |
| Gout episode, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (2.9) | 0.56 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||
| ARBs | 32 (45.7) | 38 (54.3) | 0.31 |
| ACEIs | 14 (20.0) | 20 (28.6) | 0.24 |
| Ca antagonists | 31 (44.3) | 31 (44.3) | 1.00 |
| β-blockers | 33 (47.1) | 35 (50.0) | 0.74 |
| Diuretics | 48 (68.6) | 48 (68.6) | 1.00 |
| V2 receptor antagonist | 2 (2.9%) | 3 (4.3%) | 0.65 |
| Statins | 39 (55.7) | 40 (57.1) | 0.86 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile ranges), or n (percentage of patients). P-values are for the between-groups at baseline by chi-square test for categorical variables, unpaired Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association class; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine; L-FABP, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein; MDA-LDL, malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoprotein; XOR, xanthine oxidoreductase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; E, peak early diastolic flow velocity at mitral valve leaflet; e’, early diastolic mitral annular motion velocity; E/e’, ratio of peak early diastolic flow velocity at mitral valve leaflet by early diastolic mitral annular motion velocity; TRPG, transtricuspid pressure gradient; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; RHI, reactive hyperemia index; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; ACEs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; V2 receptor antagonist, vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist.