Table 2. Quantitative information related to WNV vector competence studies carried out on different mosquito species in Africa.
| Country | Days post infection | Infection rate | Transmission rate | Dissemination rate | Species [lineage; inoculated virus titer] | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kenya | 7*, 13–14**, 20–21*** | 42% | 17%a, 100%b, 83%c, 86%d | 0%*, 100%**, 100%*** | Cx. vansomereni Edwards [L1; 10^5.8–7.2] | [35,50] |
| Kenya | (∙∙) | 50% | (∙∙) | 0%*, 0%**, n.t.*** | Mansonia Africana [L1; 10^5.8–7.2] | [35,50] |
| Kenya | 7*, 13–14**, 20–21*** | 82% | 46%a, 80%b, 100%c, 83%d | 28%*, 86%**, 94%*** | Culex quinquefasciatus | [35,50] |
| Kenya | 7*, 13–14**, 20–21*** | 51% | 19%a, 50%b, 100%c, 67%d | 33%*, 91%**, 100%*** | Culex univittatus | [35,50] |
| Kenya | 7*, 13–14**, 20–21*** | 43% | (∙∙) | 0%*, 100%**, n.t.*** | Mansonia uniformis | [35,50] |
| Maghreb region (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) | 3 | (∙∙) | 5% | (∙∙) | Culex pipiens | [29] |
| Maghreb region (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) | 14 | (∙∙) | 40% | 59.1% - 100% | Culex pipiens | [29] |
| Maghreb region (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) | 21 | (∙∙) | 80% | (∙∙) | Culex pipiens | [29] |
| Senegal | 4 | 14.28% | (∙∙) | 0% | Culex neavei [L1, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 8 | 14.28% | (∙∙) | 0% | Culex neavei [L1, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 12 | 25% | (∙∙) | 0% | Culex neavei [L1, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 15 | 55% | 83.3% | 54.5% | Culex neavei [L1, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 4 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [L2, Titer: 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 8 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [L2, Titer: 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 12 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [L2, Titer: 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 15 | 6.67% | (∙∙) | 50% | Culex neavei [L2, Titer: 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 4 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [L8, Titer: 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 8 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [L8, Titer: 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 12 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [L8, Titer: 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 15 | 5.55% | (∙∙) | 100% | Culex neavei [L8, Titer: 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 4 | 25% | (∙∙) | 0% | Culex quinquefasciatus [L1, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 8 | 25% | (∙∙) | 0% | Culex quinquefasciatus [L1, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 12 | 25% | (∙∙) | 0% | Culex quinquefasciatus [L1, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 15 | 75.86% | (∙∙) | 18.18% | Culex quinquefasciatus [L1, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 4 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex quinquefasciatus [L2, Titer 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 8 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex quinquefasciatus [L2, Titer 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 12 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex quinquefasciatus [L2, Titer 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 15 | 5.26% | (∙∙) | 0% | Culex quinquefasciatus [L2, Titer 10^5] | [22] |
| Senegal | 4 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex quinquefasciatus [L8, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 8 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex quinquefasciatus [L8, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 12 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex quinquefasciatus [L8, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 15 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex quinquefasciatus [L8, Titer 10^6] | [22] |
| Senegal | 15 | 0% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex quinquefasciatus [L8, Titer 10^5] | [22] |
| South Africa | 21 | 97% | 100% | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [Titer 10^5.7] | [34,53] |
| South Africa | 12–28 | 97% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [Titer 10^5.7] | [34,53] |
| South Africa | 13–29 | 24% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [Titer 10^4.0] | [34,53] |
| South Africa | 15–18 | 4% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [Titer 10^3.7] | [34,53] |
| South Africa | 15–18 | 8% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex neavei [Titer 10^3.2] | [34,53] |
| South Africa | 17 | 100% | 97% | (∙∙) | Culex univittatus [Titer 10^5.8–6.3] | [34,53] |
| South Africa | (∙∙) | 100% | 33% | (∙∙) | Culex univittatus [Titer 10^4.3] | [34,53] |
| South Africa | (∙∙) | 84% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex univittatus [Titer 10^2.7] | [34,53] |
| South Africa | (∙∙) | 41% | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | Culex univittatus[Titer 10^1.9] | [34,53] |
| South Africa | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | 0% | (∙∙) | Culex theileri [Titer 10^6.2] | [34] |
| South Africa | (∙∙) | (∙∙) | 25% | (∙∙) | Culex theileri [Titer 10^7.1] | [34] |
| South Africa | 21–22 | 100% | 0%* | (∙∙) | Culex theileri [Titer 10^4.5] | [34,52] |
| South Africa | 21–22 | 92% | 0%^ | (∙∙) | Culex theileri [Titer 10^3.5] | [34,52] |
| South Africa | 21–22 | 52% | 0%^ | (∙∙) | Culex theileri [Titer 10^2.5] | [34,52] |
| South Africa | 21–22 | 14% | 0%^ | (∙∙) | Culex theileri [Titer 10^1.5] | [34,52] |
| South Africa | 18 | 100% | 25%^^ | (∙∙) | Culex theileri [Titer 10^5.4] | [34,52] |
Infection rate (number of infected mosquito bodies per 100 mosquitoes tested); Dissemination rate (number of mosquitoes with infected legs/wings per 100 mosquitoes infected); Transmission rate (number of mosquitoes with infected saliva per 100 mosquitoes with infected legs/wings); Transmission ratea: % of orally exposed mosquitoes (regardless of their infection status) that took a second bloodmeal and transmitted virus by bite (no. feeding); Transmission rateb: % of orally exposed mosquitoes with a disseminated infection that took a second bloodmeal and transmitted virus by bite (no. feeding); Transmission ratec: % inoculated mosquitoes that transmitted virus by bite (no. feeding); Transmission rated: % of all mosquitoes with a disseminated infection (inoculated orally exposed) that transmitted virus by bite (no. feeding); (∙∙) Not defined; [] Lineage and inoculated virus titer (PFU/mL); n.t = not tested
^18–20 days after infective feed
^^ 14–15 days after infective feed.