Fig. 4.

Either cry-m or per depletion completely abolishes circadian rhythmicity in P. apterus, whereas tim-d mutants demonstrate robust rhythmicity with significantly shorter τ. (A) Schematic representation of tim-d gene structure with coding regions, alternative splicing, and engineered mutation (tim⁰³). Corresponding wt and mutant proteins are shown with major functional domains highlighted (for details, see supplementary figs. 13 and 14, Supplementary Material online). Alternative splicing of tim-d was detected in exons 9, 17, and 18. (B) Summary indicating the number and rhythmicity of the tested mutant and heterozygous animals compared with corresponding control siblings. (C) Individual τ values are plotted as a dot for each male; red bars depict means ± SEMs (calculated only if >10% individuals were rhythmic). Statistical difference from the controls is shown as P-value (Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc). Double-plotted actogram of (D) wt and tim⁰³ P. apterus compared with (E) D. melanogaster wt (Canton S) and tim⁰¹ mutant (arrow indicates the beginning of constant darkness).