Table 1.
Age-related changes in the transcriptional landscape of different populations of macrophages
| Population | Species | Strain | Ages | Sex | Upregulated categories (selected) |
Downregulated categories (selected) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aorta macrophages | R. norvegicus | Sprague–Dawley | 5 m versus 27 m | B | M1-proinflammatory macrophage signature | M2-macrophage gene signature | [89] |
| Adipose tissue macrophages | M. musculus | C57BL/6 J | 3 m versus 24 m | M | Cellular ketone Cellular aldehyde Lipid Fatty acid derivative |
[47] | |
| M. musculus | C57BL/6 J | 2 m versus 20 m | M | Phagocytosis C-type lectin receptors |
[127] | ||
| R. norvegicus | Sprague–Dawley | 5 m versus 27 m | B | M1-proinflammatory macrophage signature | M2-macrophage gene signature | [89] | |
| Alveolar macrophages | M. musculus | C57BL/6 | 2–4 m versus 22–24 m | NA | Inflammatory pathways Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling |
Metaphase checkpoint Initiation of mitosis Spindle assembly Chromosome separation |
[56] |
| M. musculus | C57BL/6 J | 3 m versus 23 m | NA | Immune and inflammatory responses Fibrosis |
[128] | ||
| Bone callus macrophages | M. musculus | C57BL/6 J | 3 m versus 24 m | NA | Negative regulation of protein processing Cell chemotaxis Complement receptor signaling pathway |
Antigen processing and presentation Regulation of immune response Cytokine activity Phagosome en0docytosis |
[129] |
| Bone marrow macrophages (in vivo) | M. musculus | C57BL/6 J | 2-4 m versus 20-30 m | M | Innate immune response Inflammatory response Cytokine-cytokine receptor Toll-like receptor NFkB signaling pathways |
[51] | |
| H. sapiens | NA | <50 years versus > 50 years | NA | Regulation of immune system process Defense response |
[51] | ||
| Kidney macrophages | M. musculus | C57BL/6 JN | 1 m versus 3 m versus 18 m versus 21 m versus, 24 m versus 30 m | B | M1-proinflammatory macrophage signature | M2-macrophage gene signature | [130] |
| Microglia | M. musculus | C57BL/6 J | 4 m versus 22 m | F | Immune cell adhesion Chemotaxis Cytokine signaling Anti-microbial effector responses Interferon responses |
Endocytosis/phagocytosis Cytoskeletal reorganization Antigen processing and presentation |
[131] |
| M. musculus | C57BL/6 J | 3 m versus 22 m | M | Immune system process Response to virus Interferon signaling |
[132] | ||
| M. musculus | C57BL/6 J | 3 m versus 12 m versus 18 m versus 24 m | M | Lipid biosynthetic process Regulation of signal transduction Intracellular protein transport Positive regulation of endocytosis Microglial cell activation |
[133] | ||
| M. musculus | C57BL/6 N | 2 m versus 6 m versus 9 m versus 12 m | M | Inflammatory response Innate immune response Cell chemotaxis MHC protein complex Cytokine receptor binding |
[134] | ||
| M. musculus | C57BL/6 JN | 1 m versus 3 m versus 18 m versus 21 m versus, 24 m versus 30 m | B | Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes Interferon responsive or regulatory genes |
[130] | ||
| Nerve macrophage | M. musculus | C57BL/6 | 3 m versus 15 m | F | Organismal death Organization of cytoskeleton Microtubule dynamics |
Pro-inflammatory cytokines Retinoic acid receptor Activation Estrogen receptor signaling Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signaling |
[135] |
| Skeletal muscle macrophages | M. musculus | C57BL/6 J | 4 m versus 20-24 m | NA | Response to stress Response to interferon beta Negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthesis Negative regulation of cell adhesion |
Defense response Response to LPS Cellular homeostasis Regulation of cytokine secretion |
[136] |
| Skin macrophages | R. norvegicus | Sprague–Dawley | 5 m versus 27 m | B | M1-proinflammatory macrophage signature | M2-macrophage gene signature | [89] |
| Thiogallate-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages | M. musculus | C57BL/6 J | 3 m versus 18 m | F | Cholesterol biosynthesis Response to stress Response to stimulus |
[137] | |
F: Female; M: Male; B: both sexes; NA: sex not specified in the article; m: months.