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Effect of empagliflozin on mRNA levels of genes involving in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Atf4: activating transcription factor 4; Chop: Caat-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; Gadd45: growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45. Data presented with mean ± standard deviation, n = 5. C: control; CE: control with empagliflozin; HF: high fat; HFE: high fat with empagliflozin. [a] ≠C; [b] ≠HF. p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA and posttest Tamhane T2.
