Table 1.

Characteristics of the study population (n = 279)

Age [years]	36.9 ± 12.7 (range: 16 – 71)
Sex	235 females (84.2%)
Episodic migraine	174 (62.4%)
- Without aura [n(%)]	128 (45.9%)
- With aura [n(%)]	46 (16.5%)
- No medication overuse [n(%)]	141 (81%)
- Medication overuse [n(%)]	33 (19%)
Chronic migraine [n(%)]	105 (37.6%)
- No medication overuse [n(%)]	61 (58.1%)
- Medication overuse [n(%)]	44 (41.9%)
Headache outcome variables
Headache days per month	13.5 ± 8.2
Days with intake of acute headache medication per month	8.4 ± 6.1
Headache intensity [0–10]	6.9 ± 1.6
MIDAS score [0–270]	48.7 ± 42.0
MIDAS grade
-  I [n(%)]	12 (4.3%)
-  II [n(%)]	19 (6.8%)
-  III [n(%)]	42 (15.1%)
-  IV [n(%)]	206 (73.8%)
PDI score [0–10]	4.4 ± 2.1
Psychological factors
HADS-anxiety [0–21]	7.6 ± 3.9
HADS-depression [0–21]	5.0 ± 3.8
PCS score [0–52]	26.0 ± 10.8
PRCS-helplessness [0–5]	2.2 ± 0.9
PRCS-resourcefulness [0–5]	2.3 ± 0.7
AEQ-APAS (Avoidance of physical activities) [0–6]	3.5 ± 1.0
AEQ-ASAS (Avoidance of social activities) [0–6]	2.8 ± 1.1
AEQ-HDS (Humor Distraction) [0–6]	2.7 ± 1.0
AEQ-PPS (Pain Persistence) [0–6]	3.5 ± 0.9

Mean and standard deviation or percentages are given. MIDAS Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, PDI Pain Disability Index, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PRCS Pain-Related Control Scale, AEQ Avoidance Endurance Questionnaire, n = frequency