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. 2022 Jan 12;12:788976. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788976

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Copyright © 2022 Poh, Loh, Friedland and Ong

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The blood-brain-barrier structure and cellular composition. The BBB is a highly complex structure, made up of brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and a non-cellular component – the basal lamina. Tight junctions between brain endothelial cells maintain the integrity and permeability of brain microvessels. Both the endothelial cells and pericytes are enclosed by, and contribute to the perivascular extracellular matrix (basal lamina 1, BL1), which is different in composition from the extracellular matrix of the glial end feet (BL2) bounding the brain parenchyma. Figure created with Biorender.com.