Table 9.
Subgroup analysis
| Pre to post TAVI differences | Left ventricular ejection fraction | Atrial fibrillation at presentation | Mitral valve insufficiency | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 45% (n = 4) | ≥ 45% (n = 4) | No AF (n = 3) | AF (n = 5) | MI 0–II (n = 5) | MI III (n = 3) | |||||||
| Global hemodynamicy | ||||||||||||
| HR (beats/min) | 16 (± 20.5) | − 0.63 (± 4.27) | 0.8 (± 5.09) | 15.16 (± 21.2) | 12.3 (± 22) | 5.5 (± 8.5) | ||||||
| EF (%) | − 11 (± 7) | − 6 (± 7) | − 5 (± 6) | − 12 (± 7) | − 9 (± 8) | − 9 (± 6) | ||||||
| SV (ml) | 20 (± 25) | − 2 (± 5) | 28 (± 36) | 2 (± 11) | 15 (± 28) | 6 (± 11) | ||||||
| SVI (ml/m2) | − 10.81 (± 14.83) | 1.24 (± 2.6) | − 14.81 (± 18.17) | − 1.18 (± 6.28) | − 8.24 (± 16.26) | − 3.04 (± 5.38) | ||||||
| SW | − 555 (± 3034) | − 937 (± 391) | 581 (± 3339) | − 1466 (± 1346) | − 707 (± 3054) | − 685 (± 215) | ||||||
| CO (l/min) | − 1.52* (± 1.43) | − 0.46* (± 0.31) | 1.55 (± 2.01) | 0.32 (± 1.1) | 1.35 (± 2) | − 0.18 (± 0.6) | ||||||
| CI (l/min/m2) | − 0.76* (± 0.71) | 0.22* (± 0.15) | − 0.82 (± 1.0) | − 0.14 (± 0.5) | − 0.68 (± 0.8) | 0.08 (± 0.29) | ||||||
| Myocardial contractility | ||||||||||||
| EDV (ml) | 41 (± 40) | 1 (± 16) | 41 (± 57) | 17 (± 25) | 32 (± 47) | 16 (± 20) | ||||||
| ESV (ml) | 21 (± 15) | 3 (± 11) | 13 (± 21) | 15 (± 14) | 17 (± 19) | 10 (± 10) | ||||||
| EDP (mmHg) | 4 (± 6) | 2 (± 1) | 6 (± 7) | 2 (± 2) | 4 (± 6) | 2 (± 1) | ||||||
| ESP (mmHg) | − 18 (± 21) | − 5 (± 10) | − 11 (± 23) | − 14 (± 17) | − 14 (± 23) | − 12 (± 10) | ||||||
| PRSW (mmHg) | − 32.5* (± 11) | − 9.01* (± 4.08) | − 23.52 (± 15.9) | − 23.8 (± 16.15) | − 29.4 (± 15) | − 14 (± 10) | ||||||
| dP/dt + (mmHg/s) | − 133 (± 251) | − 103 (± 27) | − 234 (± 120) | − 54 (± 204) | − 154 (± 244) | − 68 (± 49) | ||||||
| dP/dt − (mmHg/s) | 177 (± 209) | 87 (± 80) | 103 (± 145) | 168 (± 196) | 154 (± 224) | 126 (± 18) | ||||||
| TAU (ms) | 5 (± 7) | 3 (± 3) | 6 (± 10) | 3 (± 2) | 5 (± 8) | 4 (± 2) | ||||||
| End-systolic elastance (mmHg/ml) | − 0.86 (± 1.4) | 1.7 (± 0.9) | − 0.85 (± 1.1) | − 0.93 (± 1.2) | − 0.83 (± 1.2) | − 1.2 (± 1) | ||||||
| SCI (mmHg/ml s) | − 4.4 (± 4.61) | 0.6 (± 0.98) | − 4.52 (± 4.34) | − 2.05 (± 4.03) | − 3.46 (± 5) | − 2 (± 1.9) | ||||||
| Afterload and LV-afterload interactions | ||||||||||||
| Arterial elastance (mmHg/ml) | − 0.32 (± 1.05) | 0.69 (± 0.5) | − 0.2 (± 1.03) | 0.22 (± 1.04) | − 0.03 (± 1) | 0.2 (± 0.7) | ||||||
| Valvulo-arterial impedance (mmHg m2/ml) | − 0.56 (± 2.29) | 1.15 (± 1.47) | − 0.39 (± 2.33) | 0.37 (± 2.16) | 0.02 (± 3) | 0.2 (± 1.3) | ||||||
| End-diastolic stiffness | 0.1 (± 0.06) | 0.03 (± 0.03) | 0.03 (± 0.06) | 0 (± 0.04) | 0.02 (± 0.06) | 0.1 (± 0.02) | ||||||
| Ventricular-arterial coupling | − 0.62 (± 0.58) | − 0.12 (± 0.14) | − 0.36 (± 0.69) | − 0.48 (± 0.47) | − 0.56 (± 1) | − 0.1 (± 0.2) | ||||||
Displayed are the differences of pre and post TAVI hemodynamic data of selected subgroups assessed by PV loop analysis. Data is shown as mean (± standard deviation)
AF atrial fibrillation, dP/dt + and dP/dt maximum and minimum rate of pressure change, EDP end-diastolic pressure, EDV end-diastolic volume, ESP end-systolic pressure, ESV end-systolic volume, PRSW preload recruitable stroke work, SCI starling contractility index, TAU isovolumic relaxation constant CI cardiac index, CO cardiac output EF ejection fraction, HR heart rate, SV stroke volume, SVI stroke volume index, SW stroke work
*p < 0.05, null hypothesis rejected, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney-Test