Table 3.

Behavioral effects of Alkaloid and drugs of abuse in adult zebrafish.

Alakaloid/drugs	Dose	Model	Effect	Reference
Noribogaine	1, 5 and 10 mg/L.	NT	↑ Time spent and transition to the top half compartment ↓Freezing bouts	Kalueff et al. (2017)
Ayahuasca	0.1, 0.5, 1 and 3 ml/L.	NT	↓ Swimming speed and distance traveled decreased with an increase in ayahuasca ↑ Freezing with 1 and 3 ml/L.	Savoldi et al. (2017)
Arecoline	10 mg/L	NT	Disrupted shoaling, increased social preference, elevated brain norepinephrine and serotonin levels and reduced serotonin turnover	Serikuly et al. (2020)
Tropane (3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tropan-6,7-diol)	19.5, 38.9 and 116.7 μM/L	NT	↑ Speed while moving, total distance traveled and ↓freezing.	Moreira et al. (2021)
l-Scoulerine Ttetrahydroprotoberberine)	2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L	NT	↑ number of total vertical transitions ↑Time spent at superface	Mi et al. (2016)
Nicotine	1 mg/L	NT, LDC	↑ The time spent in the top and duration of entry in the lit compartment	Duarte et al. (2019)
Caffeine	100 mg/kg	NT, LDC	↑ Thigmotaxis, freezing frequency, and erratic swimming.	de Carvalho et al. (2019)
Nicotine Cotinine	0.3 and 30 μM/L 100 μM/L	NT NT	↑ Distance from the floor (anxiolytic-like effects) ↑ Distance from the floor	Hawkey et al. (2021) Hawkey et al. (2021)

Main anxiolytic-like effects produced by alkaloids administered to adult zebrafish and evaluated in different behavioral models. L, liter, when doses are dissolved in water and administered by immersion. NT, novel tank test; LDC, light/dark chamber, ↑/↓, increase/decrease evaluated variable.