Table 4.

Behavioral effects of terpenes and essential oils in adult zebrafish.

Terpene/essential oil	Age of evaluation	Dose	Model	Effect	Reference
Citral Geraniol Mixture citral + geraniol	(4–6 months-old)	1, 5 and 10 mg/L 1, 5 and 10 mg/L 1 mg/L + 1 mg/L	LDC	↑ Latency to move in white compartment ↑ Time spent in white compartment ↑ Time spent in white compartment ↑ Time spent in white compartment	Mendes et al. (2020)
Thymus vulgaris L., essential oil (97% of the oil are terpenes) thymol (42.10%), p-cymene (19.20%) and β-caryophyllene (6.40%).	(3–4 months-old)	25, 150, and 300 μL/L	NT	↑ Time spent at surface	Capatina et al. (2020a)
Rosmarinus officinalis L., essential oil (> 70% of the oil are terpenes) like eucalyptol (26.02%), α-pinene (19.89%), camphor (16.71%), camphene (8.67%), β-myrcene (3.97%), β-caryophyllene (3.11%), borneol (2.50%), and limonene (2.16%)	(3–4 months-old)	25, 150, and 300 μL/L	NT	↑ Time spent at surface	Capatina et al. (2020b)
Limonene Linalool β-myrcene Limonene β-myrcene	Adult zebrafish	0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% 0.0001%, 0.001% and 0.00125% 0.001%, 0.01% and 0.1% (0.39%) (0.0083%)	NO	↑ Time spent in the center and transition zones No effect ↑ Time spent in the center and transition zones No effect No effect	Szaszkiewicz et al. (2021)

Main anxiolytic-like effects produced by terpenes or essential oils with high content of terpenes administered to adult zebrafish by immersion and evaluated in different behavioral models. NT, novel tank test; LDC, light/dark chamber; NO, Novel object approach test; ↑/↓, increase/decrease evaluated variable.