Table 1.
Combined characteristics of cases in the training (development) and test (validation) datasets.
| All patients (test + training datasets) | 0 units transfused | 1–3 units transfused | 4 + units transfused | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases | 2847 (100%) | 1962 (69%) | 712 (25%) | 173 (6%) |
| Age (years) | 58.9 | 58.4 | 60.0 | 58.9 |
| Gender (% female) | 31 | 27 | 39 | 42 |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 89 | 89 | 88 | 86 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| Unknown | 4 | 4 | 5 | 8 |
| Race | ||||
| White/Caucasian | 83 | 85 | 78 | 79 |
| Other | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 |
| Black or African American | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| Unknown | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| Asian | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| RBC transfusions (mean) | 1.26 | 0 | 1.62 | 6.34 |
| Plasma transfusions (mean) | 1.36 | 0.73 | 1.83 | 6.58 |
| Platelet transfusions (mean) | 0.66 | 0.34 | 1.17 | 2.18 |
| Hemoglobin before surgery | 12.15 | 13.08 | 10.45 | 10.25 |
| Hemoglobin after surgery | 9.61 | 9.91 | 8.96 | 8.87 |
| Platelet count before surgery | 204 | 211 | 193 | 175 |
| Creatinine before surgery | 1.41 | 1.28 | 1.63 | 1.69 |
| Cell salvage used (ml) | 443 | 433 | 381 | 817 |
| Pre-existing end stage renal disease | 145/2847 (5%) | 53/1962 (3%) | 71/712 (10%) | 21/173 (12%) |
| Pre-existing hypertension | 1647/2847 (58%) | 1094/1962 (56%) | 426/712 (60%) | 127/173 (73%) |
| Pre-existing peripheral artery disease | 96/2847 (3%) | 53/1962 (3%) | 36/712 (5%) | 7/173 (4%) |
| Pre-existing cerebrovascular disease | 132/2847 (5%) | 68/1962 (3%) | 50/712 (7%) | 14/173 (8%) |
| Pre-existing diabetes mellitus | 705/2847 (25%) | 444/1962 (23%) | 215/712 (30%) | 46/173 (27%) |
| Case type/urgency (%) | ||||
| Elective | 73 | 80 | 61 | 46 |
| Urgent | 17 | 15 | 24 | 22 |
| Emergent | 10 | 5 | 15 | 32 |
| Most common procedures (%) | ||||
| CABG (26) | CABG (31) | CABG (15) | Ascending aortic dissection (13) | |
| Placement LVAD (7) | Placement LVAD (7) | Mediastinal exploration (10) | Transplant heart (10) | |
| Transplant heart (5) | Replacement aortic valve (5) | Placement LVAD (8) | Placement LVAD (8) | |
| Mediastinal exploration (4) | CABG with aortic valve replacement (3) | Transplant heart (8) | Aortic valve and mitral valve replacement (5) | |
| Replacement aortic valve (4) | Transplant heart (3) | Replacement aortic valve (3) | Mediastinal exploration (4) | |
| CABG with aortic valve replacement (3) | Mitral valve replacement (3) | Ascending aortic aneurysm (3) | CABG (8) | |
| Mitral valve replacement (3) | Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (3) | CABG with aortic valve replacement (3) | Sternal exploration (4) | |
| Ascending aortic dissection (3) | Ascending aortic aneurysm repair (3) | Placement ECMO (3) | Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair (4) | |
| Ascending aortic aneurysm repair (2) | Mediastinal exploration (3) | Transplant double lung with bypass (3) | Placement ECMO (3) | |
CABG coronary artery bypass graft, LVAD left ventricular assist device, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.