Table 2.
Concentration (nmol/mL) of individual HMOs in milk samples according to the Secretor and breast health status (HW, healthy women; MW, mastitis cases) in women.
| HMO | Non-secretor | p- valuea | Secretor | p-valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HW (n = 10) | MW (n = 11) | HW (n = 31) | MW (n = 62) | |||
| Median (IQR) or Mean [95% CI] |
Median (IQR) or Mean [95% CI] |
Median (IQR) or Mean [95% CI] |
Median (IQR) or Mean [95% CI] |
|||
| Fucosylated | ||||||
| 2′FL | 5.05 (2.35–9.35) | 16.10 (9.60–34.10) | 0.605 | 6100.98 [649.12] | 6576.35 [657.18] | 0.757 |
| 3FL | 5853.60 (5123.90–6865.02) | 4748.20 (4314.10–5572.10) | 0.605 | 2206.70 (1517.95–3189.50) | 1703.95 (1273.95–2774.47) | 0.178 |
| DFLac | 1.15 (0.45–5.15) | 1.20 (0.65–10.95) | 0.919 | 356.60 (272.25–455.10) | 364.45 (288.72–513.75) | 0.516 |
| LNFP I | 217.37 [61.26] | 219.74 [66.23] | 0.985 | 894.50 (482.40–1383.45) | 1358.85 (809.07–1954.80) | 0.034* |
| LNFP II | 2579.35 [648.66] | 2352.17 [723.90] | 0.769 | 1175.20 (801.40–1502.80) | 763.15 (481.02–974.82) | 0.000* |
| LNFP III | 5.65 (4.07–10.82) | 6.50 (4.85–14.20) | 0.769 | 12.30 (8.50–17.00) | 22.35 (12.52–34.85) | 0.000* |
| DFLNT | 609.86 [214.08] | 640.08 [251.10] | 0.919 | 1255.62 [221.55] | 1119.90 [162.63] | 0.960 |
| FLNH | 318.50 (152.32–420.75) | 242.80 (169.20–269.90) | 0.663 | 206.10 (118.90–327.20) | 181.00 (99.90–289.36) | 0.516 |
| DFLNH | 516.82 [170.13] | 385.74 [161.53] | 0.663 | 232.80 (153.10–282.50) | 90.55 (44.65–150.12) | 0.000* |
| Sialylated | ||||||
| 3′SL | 293.55 (278.12–314.45) | 226.60 (141.65–315.15) | 0.605 | 347.10 (292.65–482.85) | 331.15 (265.50–438.47) | 0.516 |
| 6′SL | 415.80 (250.72–582.27) | 0.605 | 0.152 | 328.80 (226.40–547.35) | 724.75 (444.85–871.77) | 0.000* |
| LSTb | 122.15 [38.01] | 98.26 [32.59] | 0.663 | 74.90 (55.95–126.85) | 57.85 (42.80–85.50) | 0.024* |
| LSTc | 57.25 (30.50–75.27) | 134.90 (66.60–194.40) | 0.605 | 79.90 (44.05–101.65) | 234.25 (90.32–376.02) | 0.000* |
| DSLNT | 13.05 (8.40–27.43) | 16.00 (7.65–61.00) | 0.919 | 66.10 (49.55–103.80) | 156.32 (73.12–246.60) | 0.000* |
| FDSLNH | 130.84 [49.22] | 147.31 [56.91] | 0.769 | 85.40 (54.70–124.40) | 132.30 (70.90–208.52) | 0.154 |
| DSLNH | 40.90 [11.93] | 49.25 [19.06] | 0.919 | 57.10 (38.55–83.55) | 62.10 (40.62–97.77) | 0.411 |
| Neutral | ||||||
| LNnT | 131.20 (97.35–197.77) | 140.60 (103.05–180.35) | 0.969 | 324.10 (235.25–391.95) | 350.85 (233.60–474.87) | 0.411 |
| LNT | 2258.69 [841.13] | 1595.31 [539.52] | 0.605 | 1293.90 (1013.40–1727.70) | 1223.40 (775.97–1540.47) | 0.411 |
| LNH | 58.84 [24.29] | 89.93 [32.05] | 0.605 | 32.80 (20.65–41.60) | 53.15 (33.35–90.75) | 0.005* |
CI confidence interval, IQR Interquartile range, DFLac difucosyllactose, DFLNH difucosyllacto-N-hexaose, DFLNT difucosyllacto-N-tetrose, DSLNH diasilyllacto-N-hexaose, DSLNT diasilyllacto-N-tetraose, FDSLNH fucodisialyllacto-N-hexaose, FLNH fucosyllacto-N-hexaose, HMO human milk oligosaccharide, LNFP lacto-N-fucopentaose, LNH lacto-N-hexaose, LNnT lacto-N-neotetraose, LNT lacto-N-tetraose, LSTb sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose b, LSTc sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose c, 2’FL 2’-fucosyllactose, 3FL 3-fucosyllactose, 3’SL 3’-sialyllactose, 6’SL 6’-sialyllactose.
*Statistically significant difference, p < 0.05.
aWilcoxon rank sum tests or ANOVA tests (depending on the distribution of the data) were used to determine differences in HMOs concentration between samples from mastitis-suffering or healthy women from Secretor or non-Secretor status. FDR-adjusted p-values.