Table 1.

Characteristics of the individual studies included in this meta-analysis.

First author year of publication	Location	Age	Gender	Sample size	Adjustments	Exposure assessment	Category of exposure	Effect estimates (OR or SMD)	Diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia
Borg (16)	Netherlands	≥65	Both	227	NA	104-item FFQ	Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects	Omega-3 PUFAs 7.14 (6.96, 7.32) 6.98 (6.70, 7.26) Omega-6 PUFAs 28.0 (27.7, 28.3) 27.9 (27.5, 28.3)	EWGSOP
Das (18)	Australia	≥75	Male	794	Age, BMI, marital status, living arrangement, income, smoking status, MMSE score, alcohol intake, SRH, meal service, able to shop for groceries, meal preparation, no of co-morbidities, PASE and energy	111-item FFQ	Omega-3 PUFAs Quartiles 1 Quartiles 2 Quartiles 3 Quartiles 4 Omega-6 PUFAs Quartiles 1 Quartiles 2 Quartiles 3 Quartiles 4 Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects	1.00 0.86 (0.40, 1.83) 0.70 (0.30, 1.63) 0.45 (0.21, 0.95) 1.00 0.58 (0.25, 1.33) 0.45 (0.19, 1.04) 0.36 (0.17, 0.78) Omega-3 PUFAs 1.30 (1.23, 1.37) 1.10 (0.96, 1.24) Omega-6 PUFAs 10.10 (9.67, 10.53) 8.70 (7.70, 9.70)	FNIH
Okamura (17)	Japan	≥65	Both	342	Age, sex, exercise, smoking status, diabetes duration, Hemoglobin A1c, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake	58-item FFQ	Omega-3 PUFAs Tertiles 1 Tertiles 2 Tertiles 3 Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects	1.0 0.62 (0.20, 3.16) 0.10 (0.02, 0.64) Omega-3 PUFAs 3.00 (2.86, 3.14) 2.60 (2.30, 2.90) Omega-6 PUFAs 10.10 (9.64, 10.56) 8.80 (7.78, 9.82)	JSHS
Yang (19)	Korea	≥60	Both	3,815	Age, BMI, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, AST, hsCRP, current smoking status, heavy alcohol intake, economic status, marital status, education duration, occupation, sufficient physical activity, history of diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension and protein intake	FFQ	Male Omega-3 PUFAs Quartiles 1 Quartiles 2 Quartiles 3 Quartiles 4 Female Omega-3 PUFAs Quartiles 1 Quartiles 2 Quartiles 3 Quartiles 4 Male Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects Female Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects	1.00 1.56 (0.80, 3.05) 1.25 (0.61, 2.53) 0.92 (0.46, 1.86) 1.00 0.66 (0.38, 1.16) 0.64 (0.37, 1.10) 0.25 (0.11, 0.53) Omega-6 PUFAs 3.70 (3.50, 3.90) 3.90 (3.50, 4.30) Omega-6 PUFAs 4.00 (3.80, 4.20) 3.80 (3.41, 4.19)	AWGS
Reis (20)	Brazil	48	Both	125	Sex, age, weight, waist circumference, energy intake, glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, C-reactive protein, use of immunosuppressive and corticoids drugs: calcineurin inhibitor, cell proliferation and mTOR inhibitors, prednisone and caloric intake misreporting	24 h recall	Omega-3 PUFAs Non-consumer Consumer Omega-6 PUFAs Non-consumer Consumer Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects	1.00 0.55 (0.45, 0.93) 1.00 0.97 (0.87, 1.07) Omega-3 PUFAs 1.40 (0.70, 2.10) 1.40 (0.50, 2.30) Omega-6 PUFAs 14.3 (12.8, 15.8) 12.6 (10.2, 15.0)	EWGSOP
Otsuka (21)	Japan	≥60	Both	1,345	Age, sex, BMI, residence area, current smoking habit, current alcohol drinking habit, and total caloric intake	56-item FFQ	Omega-3 PUFAs Quartiles 1 Quartiles 2 Quartiles 3 Quartiles 4 Omega-6 PUFAs Quartiles 1 Quartiles 2 Quartiles 3 Quartiles 4 Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects Control subjects Sarcopenia subjects	1.00 1.19 (0.54, 2.63) 0.96 (0.41, 2.23) 0.28 (0.09, 0.89) 1.00 1.65 (0.77, 3.51) (0.42, 2.39) 0.39 (0.12, 1.26) Omega-3 PUFAs 3.10 (3.02, 3.18) 2.90 (2.58, 3.22) Omega-6 PUFAs 10.3 (10.1, 10.5) 9.0 (8.3, 9.7)	AWGS