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. 2022 Jan 25;12:1340. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05060-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Asprosin levels in serum and saliva depend on biological sex, fasting, and show a strong correlation. (A) (top left) Endogenous asprosin levels in various human cell lines supernatants and (top right) primary human cells (human dermal fibroblasts and human chondrocytes) were measured using asprosin sandwich ELISA (n = 2 per each group). (bottom) western blot showing the corresponding fibrillin-1 expression in cell lines supernatants. (B) Comparative analysis of asprosin levels in blood serum (25 µl serum fourfold diluted in 75 µl PBS) of male and female groups (n = 19, m/f = 12/7, age = 30.4 ± 6.4 years, weight (W) = 72.9 ± 11.3 kg, height (H) = 1.75 ± 0.08 m, BMI = 23.7 ± 2.9 kg/m²) using sandwich ELISA and analyzed by unpaired two-tailed t-test, **P = 0.0072. (C) Assessment of asprosin levels in saliva (100 µl saliva) in fasting (overnight fasting, 8–9 h) and non-fasting (3 h after lunch) conditions by sandwich ELISA (n = 7, m/f = 3/4, age = 32.3 ± 8.71 years, weight = 70.5 ± 13.8 kg, height = 1.74 ± 0.09 m, BMI = 23.3 ± 3.04 kg/m²) and analyzed by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test, *P = 0.0156). (D) (left and middle) Quantification of asprosin levels in human serum and saliva respectively in fasted condition (overnight fasting) by sandwich ELISA (n = 6, m/f = 3/3, age = 32.7 ± 9.09 years, weight = 64.5 ± 8.77 kg, height = 1.71 ± 0.07 m, BMI = 22.1 ± 2.44 kg/m²). (right) Correlation of asprosin levels in human serum and saliva using Spearman correlation = 0.94, *P = 0.02, (n = 2 per each group). Data were analyzed using Graphpad Prism version 8.0.2.