Figure 1.

Timeline depicting hallmark structural findings of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). For a better illustration of key findings, images were obtained from original publications or provided by the authors. (Image of first electron microscopy [EM] of NPCs by Callan and Tomlin 1950, reprinted with permission from The Royal Society © 1950. Original high-resolution scanning images kindly provided by Dr. Martin Goldberg [Ris 1989; Goldberg and Allen 1992]. Cryo-electron tomography of NPCs, image reprinted from Beck et al. 2004 with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science [AAAS] © 2004. Atomic models of the NPC core, image reprinted from Lin et al. 2016 and Kosinski et al. 2016 with permission from AAAS © 2016.)