Table 3.
Meta-analysis results of risk factors for acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in intensive care unit.
| Exposure factors | Included studies | Heterogeneity | p | Fixed-effect model (FEM) | p | Random-effect model (REM) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General condition | |||||||
| Age, years | 8 | 0 | 0.93 | −0.76 (−2.62~1.10) | 0.42 | −0.76 (−2.62~1.10) | 0.42 |
| Gender | 8 | 0 | 0.83 | 0.77 (0.59~1.02) | 0.07 | 0.77 (0.58~1.01) | 0.06 |
| APACHE-II score | 3 | 0 | 0.83 | 2.80 (−0.31~5.82) | 0.08 | 2.80 (−0.31~5.82) | 0.08 |
| APACHE-II score >20 | 2 | 0 | 0.39 | 10.98 (5.67~21.26) | <0.001 | 11.49 (6.02~21.92) | <0.001 |
| Glasgow score | 2 | 0 | 0.66 | −0.50 (−1.91~0.90) | 0.49 | −0.50 (−1.91~0.90) | 0.49 |
| Glucocorticoid | 3 | 42 | 0.58 | 0.91 (0.51~1.61) | 0.74 | 0.98 (0.42~2.29) | 0.97 |
| Length of ICU stay, days | 4 | 0 | 0.50 | 1.65 (0.70~2.60) | 0.001 | 1.65 (0.70~2.60) | 0.001 |
| Pre-existing medical conditions | |||||||
| COPD | 4 | 77.8 | 0.004 | 3.97 (2.39~6.61) | <0.001 | 3.99 (1.19~13.32) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 5 | 8.1 | 0.36 | 1.50 (0.89~2.63) | 0.13 | 1.47 (0.82~2.61) | 0.20 |
| Malignancy | 3 | 0 | 0.99 | 2.15 (1.03~4.50) | 0.04 | 2.15 (1.03~4.50) | 0.04 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 7 | 48.2 | 0.07 | 0.92 (0.66~1.29) | 0.63 | 1.0 (0.61~1.75) | 0.92 |
| kidney dysfunction | 3 | 0 | 0.87 | 1.20 (0.69~2.07) | 0.52 | 1.21 (0.70~2.07) | 0.50 |
| Immunosuppression | 3 | 49.6 | 0.14 | 1.38 (0.87~2.21) | 0.17 | 1.70 (0.38~7.69) | 0.49 |
| Invasive procedures | |||||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 5 | 71.4 | 0.007 | 8.22 (4.82~14.03) | <0.001 | 8.75 (2.59~29.58) | <0.001 |
| Tracheal intubation | 3 | 0 | 0.52 | 4.25 (2.30~7.84) | <0.001 | 4.08 (2.22~7.51) | <0.001 |
| Tracheotomy | 4 | 67.2 | 0.03 | 6.10 (3.54~10.52) | <0.001 | 6.12 (2.06~18.18) | 0.001 |
| Central venous catheterization | 3 | 82.7 | 0.003 | 3.22 (1.62~6.42) | 0.001 | 2.30 (0.37~14.41) | 0.37 |
| Urinary catheter | 3 | 0 | 0.89 | 2.14 (0.79~5.84) | 0.14 | 2.10 (0.77~5.76) | 0.15 |
| Nasogastric tube | 3 | 78.3 | 0.03 | 3.28 (1.85~5.83) | <0.001 | 3.36 (0.95~11.87) | 0.06 |
| Operation | 3 | 0 | 0.75 | 0.78 (0.36~1.70) | 0.53 | 0.80 (0.36~1.76) | 0.57 |
| Antimicrobial agents | |||||||
| Carbapenems | 4 | 23 | 0.27 | 2.82 (1.49~5.31) | 0.001 | 2.82 (1.30~6.09) | 0.008 |
| β-lactamase inhibitor | 3 | 85.9 | 0.001 | 7.88 (4.41~14.09) | <0.001 | 9.98 (1.51~65.96) | 0.02 |
| Aminoglycosides | 3 | 27.4 | 0.25 | 4.01 (2.06~7.81) | <0.001 | 4.12 (1.75~9.70) | 0.001 |
| Quinolones | 3 | 39.1 | 0.19 | 2.17 (1.21~3.89) | 0.009 | 2.25 (1.03~4.93) | 0.04 |
| Nitroimidazoles | 2 | 60.6 | 0.11 | 1.63 (0.43~6.24) | 0.48 | 1.75 (0.14~22.69) | 0.67 |