| Age (year) |
45.0±13.3 |
47.2±13.0 |
43.6±13.4 |
0.0012
|
45.2±12.6 |
49.9±13.2 |
0.0012
|
| [Mean±SD, median (min-max)] |
45 (18-75) |
47(18-75) |
43(18-75) |
45 (18-75) |
51 (18-75) |
| Sex, n (%) |
|
|
|
0.001 |
|
|
0.693 |
| Female |
1835 (77.7) |
806 (43.9) |
1029 (56.1) |
|
483 (59.9) |
323 (40.1) |
|
| Male |
526 (22.3) |
141 (26.8) |
385 (73.2) |
|
82 (58.2) |
59 (41.8) |
|
| Occupation, n (%) |
|
|
|
0.001 |
|
|
0.0314
|
| Desk job |
270 (11.4) |
78 (28.9) |
192 (71.1) |
|
52 (66.7) |
26 (33.3) |
|
| Long hours with the same neck position |
254 (10.8) |
76 (29.9) |
178 (70.1) |
|
48 (63.2) |
28 (36.8) |
|
| Housewife |
1114 (47.2) |
558 (50.1)* |
556 (49.9) |
|
324 (58.1) |
234 (41.9) |
|
| Retired |
254 (10.7) |
101 (39.8) |
153 (60.2) |
|
48 (47.5) * |
53 (52.5) |
|
| Employee |
272 (11.5) |
89 (32.7) |
183 (67.3) |
|
61 (68.5) |
28 (31.5) |
|
| Officer |
158 (6.7) |
39 (24.7) |
119 (75.3) |
|
28 (71.8) |
11 (28.2) |
|
| Student |
39 (1.7) |
6 (15.4) |
33 (84.6) |
|
4 (66.7) |
2 (33.3) |
|
| Educational status, n (%) |
|
|
|
0.001 |
|
|
0.001 |
| Literate, not educated |
182 (7.7) |
88 (48.4) |
94 (51.6) |
|
42 (47.7) |
46 (52.3) |
|
| Primary school |
872 (36.9) |
430 (49.3) |
442 (50.7) |
|
238 (55.3) |
192 (44.7) |
|
| Secondary school |
696 (29.5) |
261 (37.5) |
435 (62.5) |
|
172 (65.9)* |
89 (34.1) |
|
| Higher education |
611 (25.9) |
168 (27.5)* |
443 (72.5) |
|
113 (67.3)* |
55 (32.7) |
|
| Etiology of neck pain, n (%)† |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Myofascial pain syndrome |
1381 (58.5) |
583 (61.6) |
798 (56.4) |
0.013 |
|
|
|
| Cervical disc hernia |
848 (35.9) |
356 (37.6) |
492 (34.8) |
0.165 |
|
|
|
| Cervical spondylosis |
613 (26.0) |
282 (29.8) |
331 (23.4) |
<0.001 |
|
|
|
| Other‡ |
122 (5.2) |
67 (7.1) |
55 (3.9) |
<0.001 |
|
|
|
| Duration of neck pain (month) |
36.2±46.4 |
43.6±50.7 |
31.3±43.0 |
0.0013
|
|
|
|
| [Mean±SD, median (min-max)] |
20 (1-480) |
24 (1-360) |
12 (1-480) |
|
|
|
|
| Concomitant dizziness, n (%) |
947 (40.1) |
947 (100.0) |
0 (0.0) |
|
|
|
|
| Etiology of cervicogenic dizziness |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sternocleidomastoid muscle trigger point |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Unilateral |
|
|
|
|
83 (8.8) |
|
|
| Bilateral |
|
|
|
|
94 (9.9) |
|
|
| Trapezius muscle trigger point |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Unilateral |
|
|
|
|
112 (11.8) |
|
|
| Bilateral |
|
|
|
|
345 (36.4) |
|
|
| Migraine-related |
|
|
|
|
46 (4.9) |
|
|
| Psychogenic |
|
|
|
|
120 (12.7) |
|
|
| Transient ischemia of vertebrobasilar artery |
|
|
|
|
14 (1.5) |
|
|
| Sympathetic dysfunction |
|
|
|
|
36 (3.8) |
|
|
| Proprioceptive cervical dizziness |
|
|
|
|
126 (13.3) |
|
|
| Other |
|
|
|
|
72 (7.6) |
|
|
| Etiology group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Myofascial pain syndrome |
|
|
|
|
565 (59.7) |
|
|
| Other |
|
|
|
|
382 (40.3) |
|
|
| † Multiple choices were possible; ‡ Whiplash associated disorder, degenerative disc diseases, cervical facet joint syndrome; 1 Pearson chi-square test; 2 Student t-test; 3 Mann-Whitney U test; 4 Fisher-Freeman-Halton test; * p<0.01 compared to other occupations or education levels. |
