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. 2022 Jan 27;14(1):45–61. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i1.45

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©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Calcineurin inhibitors nephrotoxicity mechanism. CNI: Calcineurin Inhibitors; PG: Prostaglandins; NO: Nitric oxide; Tbx: Thromboxane; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.