Table 1.

Main causes of kidney dysfunction in liver transplantation according to the period of its occurrence

Pre-transplantation	Perioperative	After transplantation
Hypovolemia; Infections; Nephrotoxic drugs; Hepatorenal syndrome; High MELD; NASH/MAFLD; Renal parenchymal diseases associated with hepatitis B, C and alcohol	Hemodynamic instability; Reperfusion injury; Nephrotoxic drugs	Calcineurin inhibitors; Diabetic nephropathy; Hypertensive nephropathy

MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.