Table 4.

Association with Helicobacter pylori infection and Esophageal cancer

	Prevalence of H. pylori	Diagnostic tool of H. pylori	Study design	P value
Rokkas et al[44]	EAC: 0.52 (95%CI: 0.37-0.73)	Serology and/or histology	Meta-analysis	EAC: P < 0.001
	ESCC: 0.85 (95%CI: 0.55-1.33)			ESCC: P = 0.48
Islami et al[45]	EAC: 0.56 (95%CI: 0.46-0.68)	Serology and/or histology	Meta-analysis	NA
	ESCC: 1.10 (95%CI: 0.78-1.55)
Nie et al[46]	EAC: 0.57 (95%CI: 0.44-0.73)	Serology and/or histology; rapid urease test	Meta-analysis	NA
	ESCC:1.16 (95%CI: 0.8.-1.60)
Xie et al[47]	EAC: 0.59 (95%CI: 0.51-0.68)	Serology and/or histology; rapid urease test	Meta-analysis	NA
	ESCC: 0.97 (95%CI: 0.76-1.24)
	ESCC in Eastern: 0.66 (95%CI: 0.43-0.89)

CI: Confidence interval; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; EAC: Esophageal adenocarcinoma; ESCC: Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma; NA: Not available.