Table 1.
Utilization of radiofrequency ablation for cholangiocarcinoma
|
Technique
|
Ref.
|
Number of Patients
|
Location
|
Stent type
|
Mean number of sessions
|
Patency of stent (d, median)
|
Stent occlusion
|
Survival
|
Adverse events
|
| Mizandari et al[78], 2013 | 39 | CCA (17); Bismuth I (5); II (1); IIIa (4); IV (7)-Panc CA (11), GB CA (4), HCC (1), Ampullary CA (1), Metastatic CA (5) | SEMS (all) | 1 | 84.5 | 1 | 3 mo (median) | Abdominal pain (15) | |
| Wu et al[32], 2017 | 71[RFA and stenting = 35, stenting alone = 36] | Extra-hepatic distal CCA | Covered SEMS (7); uncovered SEMS (28) | 1 | Uncovered SEMS (241); covered SEMS (212) | - | Uncovered SEMS (245 d, median); covered SEMS (278 d, median) | Abdominal pain (27) | |
| Percutaneous | Li et al[29], 2015 | 26[RFA and stenting = 12, stenting alone = 14] | Hilar (2), middle and distal CBD(7), Panc CA (2), ampullary CA (1) | SEMS (all) | 1 | RFA group (0), control group (3) | RFA group 100%; control group 85% at 90 d | - | Cholangitis (3) |
| Wu et al[31], 2015 | 47 | Hilar (7), distal CBD (16);ampullary CA (8); Panc CA (6); GB CA (4); HCC(2); Metastatic disease( 4) | SEMS | 1.38 | 149 | 11 | 6 mo | Abdominal pain (21), intra-abdominal hemorrhage (1) | |
| Wang et al[28], 2016 | 9 | Bismuth IIIa (1); IIIb (1); IV (7) | SEMS | 1 (only 1 patient had 2 sessions) | 100 | - | 5.3 mo | Abdominal pain (3); Cholangitis (4) | |
| Wang et al[39], 2016 | 12 | Bismuth I (5); IIIa (1); IV (3); Gastric CA (1); HCC(1); Congenital Choledochal cyst (1) | Plastic (7); SEMs (4) | 1 | 125 | - | 7.7 mo (median) | Fever (2), pancreatitis (1) | |
| Laquière et al[81], 2016 | 12 | Bismuth I (4); II (3); III (2); IV (3) | Plastic and Metallic (does not quantify) | 1.63 | - | 4 | 12.3 mo | Sepsis (1), early stent migration (1), late stent migration(1), cholangitis (1) | |
| Endoscopic | Sharaiha et al[86], 2015 | 69 | Hilar (23); proximal CBD (7); distal CBD (7); Bismuth I (4); Bismuth III (2); Bismuth IV (5); Panc CA (19); GB CA (2); Gastric CA (1), Metastasis disease (3) | Metallic (49); Plastic (20) | 1.3 | 95% at 30 d | 3 | 17.7 ± 15.4 mo | Pancreatitis (1); Cholecystitis( 2); Haemobilia (1); abdominal pain (3) |
| Strand et al[87], 2014 | 16 | Intrahepatic/proximal (1); Hilar (13); Extrahepatic/distal (2) | Plastic (3); fully covered SEMS (3); uncovered SEMS (11) | 1.19 | - | 0.06 | 9.6 mo | Stent migration (0.02); cholangitis (0.13); hepatic abscess (0.02); need for percutaneous drainage (0.01); severe abdominal pain (0.02) (occurrence per month) | |
| Sharaiha et al[30], 2014 | 64 | CCA (18); Panc CA (8) | Covered SEMS (8); uncovered SEMS (7); Plastic (11) | 1 | 100% at 90 d | 0 | 5.9 mo | Abdominal pain(3); Pancreatitis (1); Cholecystitis (1) | |
| Alis et al[88], 2013 | 10 | Bismuth I (4); Distal CBD (6) | SEMS (all) | 1 | 270 | 0 | - | Pancreatitis (2) | |
| Figueroa Barojas et al[49], 2013 | 20 | CCA (11); Panc CA (7); Gastric Ca (1), IPMN with high grade dysplasia (1) | Plastic (6); covered SEMS (13); uncovered SEMS ( 1) | 1.25 | 100% at 30 d | 0 | - | Abdominal pain (5); Pancreatitis (1); Cholecystitis (1) | |
| Steel et al [19], 2011 | 21 | CCA (6); Panc CA (16) | Uncovered SEMS (all) | 2 | 114 (median stent patency at 9- d) | 4 | - | Pancreatitis (1); cholecystitis (2), obstructive jaundice/death (1) | |
| Percutaneous and endoscopic | Dolak et al[27], 2014 | 58 | Bismuth I (5); II (1); III (6); IV (33); distal CBD (5);Panc CA (4), central HCC,mCRC(3) | Plastic (19); SEMS (35); no stent (4) | 1.44 | 170 (Metallic stent = 218, Plastic stent = 115) | - | 10.9 mo (median) | Cholangitis (5); hemobilia (2); sepsis (2); hepatic coma (1); hepatic infarction (1) |
CBD: Common bile duct; CCA: Cholangiocarcinoma; GA Ca: Gallbladder cancer; Panc CA: Pancreatic cancer; mCRC: Metastatic colorectal cancer; SEMS: Self-expanding metallic stent.