Table 2.
Laboratory findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019
|
Laboratory findings
|
Total
|
Moderate
|
Severe
|
Critically ill
|
P
value
|
| Leukocyte count, × 109/L | 6.02 ± 2.07 | 5.79 ± 0.21 | 6.09 ± 0.32 | 6.66 ± 0.71 | |
| Total | 125/125 (100) | 59/125 (47.2) | 49/125 (39.2) | 17/125 (13.6) | 0.26 |
| Lower (< 3.5) | 13/125 (10.4) | 4/59 (6.8) | 6/49 (12.2) | 3/17 (17.6) | |
| Normal (3.5-9.5) | 104/125 (83.2) | 53/59 (89.8) | 39/49 (79.6) | 12/17 (70.6) | |
| Higher (> 9.5) | 8/125 (6.4) | 2/59 (3.4) | 4/49 (8.2) | 2/17 (11.8) | |
| Neutrophil count, × 109/L | 3.78 (2.40-5.15) | 3.37 (2.40-4.19) | 4.05 (2.34-5.17) | 5.71 (2.82-7.45) | |
| Total | 121/121 (100) | 56/121 (46.3) | 47/121 (38.8) | 18/121 (14.9) | P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 1.8) | 13/121 (10.8) | 3/56 (5.4) | 7/47 (14.9) | 3/18 (16.7) | |
| Normal (1.8-6.3) | 91/121 (75.2) | 50/56 (89.2) | 33/47 (70.2) | 8 (44.4) | |
| Higher (> 6.3) | 17/121 (14.0) | 3/56 (5.4) | 7/47 (14.9) | 7 (38.9) | |
| Neutrophil ratio | 63.70 (53.75-73.80) | 57.85 (52.80-57.85) | 68.55 (52.53-75.78) | 81.05 (72.90-87.25) | |
| Total | 124/124 (100) | 58/124 (46.8) | 48/124 (38.7) | 18/124 (14.5) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05; P (Severe vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 40) | 4/124 (3.2) | 0/58 (0) | 4/48 (8.5) | 0/18 (0) | |
| Normal (40-75) | 89/124 (71.8) | 53/58 (91.4) | 31/48 (64.6) | 5/18 (27.8) | |
| Higher (> 75) | 31/124 (25.0) | 5/58 (8.6) | 13/48 (27.1) | 13/18 (72.2) | |
| Eosinophil count, × 109/L | 0.08 (0.03-0.15) | 0.13 (0.06-0.20) | 0.07 (0.02-0.14) | 0.00 (0.00-0.06) | |
| Total | 121/121 (100) | 56/121 (46.3) | 47/121 (38.8) | 18/121 (14.9) | P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05; P (Severe vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 0.02) | 25/121 (20.7) | 3/56 (5.4) | 11/47 (23.4) | 11/18 (61.1) | |
| Normal (0.02-0.52) | 95/121 (78.5) | 52/56 (92.9) | 36/47 (76.6) | 7/18 (38.9) | |
| Higher (> 0.52) | 1/121 (0.8) | 1/56 (1.8) | 0/56 (0.0) | 0/56 (0.0) | |
| Eosinophil ratio, | 1.35 (0.40-2.83) | 2.20 (1.10-3.40) | 1.25 (0.20-2.18) | 0 (0-0.65) | |
| Total | 122/122 (100) | 56/122 (45.9) | 48/122 (39.3) | 18/122 (14.8) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05; P (Severe vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 0.4) | 29/122 (23.8) | 3/56 (5.4) | 14/48 (29.2) | 12/18 (23.8) | |
| Normal (0.4-8) | 91/122 (74.6) | 51/56 (91.1) | 34/48 (70.8) | 6/18 (74.6) | |
| Higher (> 8) | 2/122 (1.6) | 2/56 (3.6) | 0/48 (0) | 0/18 (0) | |
| Monocyte count, × 109/L | 0.53 (0.40-0.66) | 0.55 (0.46-0.66) | 0.55 (0.38-0.67) | 0.39 (0.20-0.56) | |
| Total | 123/123 (100) | 57/123 (46.3) | 48/123 (39.0) | 18/123 (14.7) | 0.266 |
| Lower (< 0.1) | 1/123 (0.8) | 0/57 (0.0) | 0/48 (0.0) | 1/18 (5.6) | |
| Normal (0.1-0.6) | 80/123 (65.0) | 37/57 (64.9) | 30/48 (62.5) | 13/18 (72.2) | |
| Higher (> 0.6) | 42/123 (34.1) | 20/57 (35.1) | 18/48 (37.5) | 4/18 (22.2) | |
| Monocyte ratio, | 9.05 (7.90-10.33) | 9.15 (8.23-11.03) | 9.3 (8.03-10.28) | 5.90 (3.75-8.80) | |
| Total | 122/122 (100) | 56/122 (45.9) | 48/122 (39.3) | 18/122 (14.8) | P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 3) | 3/122 (2.5) | 0/56 (0) | 1/48 (2.1) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
| Normal (3-10) | 82/122 (67.2) | 35/56 (62.5) | 33/48 (68.8) | 14/18 (77.8) | |
| Higher (> 10) | 37/122 (30.3) | 21/56 (37.5) | 14/48 (29.2) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
| Lymphocyte count, × 109/L | 1.25 (0.92-1.88) | 1.79 (1.25-2.01) | 1.19 (0.90-1.44) | 0.70 (0.52-0.87) | |
| Total | 121/121 (100) | 56/121 (46.3) | 47/121 (38.8) | 18/121 (14.9) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05; P (Severe vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 1.1) | 44/121 (36.4) | 8/56 (14.3) | 20/47 (42.6) | 16/18 (88.9) | |
| Normal (1.1-3.2) | 75/121 (62.0) | 47/56 (83.9) | 26/47 (55.3) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
| Higher (> 3.2) | 2/121 (1.7) | 1/56 (1.8) | 1/47 (2.1) | 0/18 (0.0) | |
| Lymphocyte ratio, | 24.40 (14.55-32.40) | 29.60 (23.20-34.10) | 20.15 (13.40-33.28) | 12.95 (8.50-20.15) | |
| Total | 125/125 (100) | 59/125 (47.2) | 48/125 (38.4) | 18/125 (14.4) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 20) | 35/125 (28.0) | 9/59 (15.3) | 23/48 (47.9) | 13/18 (72.2) | |
| Normal (20-50) | 77/125 (61.6) | 50/59 (84.7) | 22/48 (45.8) | 5/18 (27.8) | |
| Higher (> 50) | 3/125 (2.4) | 0/59 (0) | 3/48 (6.3) | 0/18 (0) | |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 127.00 (114.00-136.00) | 127.00 (116.00-135.00) | 126.00 (114.75-136.75) | 123.00 (103.00-136.00) | |
| Total | 123/123 (100) | 57/123 (47.2) | 48/123 (38.4) | 18/123 (14.4) | P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 1151, < 1302) | 58/123 (47.2) | 21/57 (36.8) | 24/48 (50) | 13/18 (72.2) | |
| Normal (115-1501, 130-1752) | 65/123 (52.8) | 36/57 (63.2) | 24/48 (50) | 5/18 (27.8) | |
| Hematocrit, | 36.50 (33.30-39.40) | 37.40 (33.75-39.60) | 36.5 (33.15-39.95) | 34.55 (29.85-38.65) | |
| Total | 123/123 (100) | 57/123 (46.4) | 48/123 (39.0) | 18/123 (14.6) | P (moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 341, < 402) | 78/123 (63.4) | 29/57 (50.9) | 33/48 (68.8) | 16/18 (88.9) | |
| Normal (34-451, 40-502) | 44/123 (35.8) | 27/57 (47.4) | 15/48 (31.3) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
| Higher (> 451, > 452) | 1/123 (0.8) | 1/57 (1.8) | 0/48 (0) | 0/18 (0) | |
| Platelet’s count, × 109/L | 260.00 (187.50-342.50) | 268.00 (212.50-336.75) | 287.00 (193.00-368.00) | 157.00 (67.00-230.75) | |
| Total | 122/122 (100) | 56/122 (45.9) | 48/122 (39.3) | 18/122 (14.8) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 125) | 10/122 (8.2) | 2/56 (3.6) | 2/48 (4.2) | 6/18 (33.3) | |
| Normal (125-350) | 84/122 (68.8) | 41/56 (73.2) | 32/48 (66.7) | 1118 (61.1) | |
| Higher (> 350) | 28/122 (23.0) | 13/56 (23.2) | 14/48 (29.2) | 1/18 (5.6) | |
| Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | 2.57 (1.57-4.82) | 1.99 (1.43-2.81) | 3.29 (1.49-5.50) | 6.21 (3.62-9.78) | |
| Total | 121/121 (100) | 55/121 (45.4) | 48/121 (39.7) | 18/121 (14.9) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Normal (≤ 3.13) | 71/121 (58.7) | 46/55 (83.6) | 21/55 (43.8) | 4/55 (22.2) | |
| Higher (> 3.13) | 50/121 (41.3) | 9/55 (16.4) | 27/55 (56.3) | 14/55 (77.8) | |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 25.00 (15.00-43.00) | 22.00 (16.00-41.00) | 28.00 (13.50-45.50) | 37.00 (14.00-47.50) | |
| Total | 123/123 (100) | 57/123 (46.4) | 49/123 (39.8) | 17/123 (13.8) | 0.77 |
| Normal (≤ 331, ≤ 412) | 89/123 (73.4) | 43/57 (74.4) | 34/49 (69.4) | 12/17 (70.6) | |
| Higher (> 331, > 412) | 34/123 (27.6) | 14/57 (24.6) | 15/49 (30.6) | 5/17 (29.4) | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 253.0 (193.25-300.0) | 210.0 (186.0-266.5) | 262.00 (193.00-300.00) | 341.00 (286.75-497.00) | |
| Total | 120/120 (100) | 55/120 (45.8) | 57/120 (47.5) | 18/120 (14.7) | P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 135) | 5/120 (4.2) | 4/55 (7.3) | 1/57 (2.1) | 0/18 (0) | |
| Normal (135-2141, 135-2252) | 44/120 (36.7) | 24/55 (43.6) | 18/57 (38.3) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
| Higher (>2141,>2252) | 71/120 (59.2) | 27/55 (49.1) | 28/57 (59.6) | 16/18 (88.9) | |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 24.00 (17.00-37.00) | 22.00 (17.00-29.00) | 22.00 (17.00-37.00) | 42.00 (21.00-68.50) | |
| Total | 123/123 (100) | 57/123 (46.4) | 49/123 (39.8) | 17/123 (13.8) | P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Normal (≤ 321, ≤ 402) | 94/123 (76.4) | 48/57 (84.2) | 39/49 (79.6) | 7/17 (41.2) | |
| Higher (> 321, > 402) | 29/123 (23.6) | 9/57 (15.8) | 10/49 (20.4) | 10/17 (58.8) | |
| Serum amylase, U/L | 69.33 ± 2.65 | 66.51 ± 3.55 | 71.59 ± 5.17 | 71.92 ± 4.92 | |
| Total | 77/77 (100) | 35/77 (45.4) | 29/77 (39.7) | 13/77 (14.9) | 0.13 |
| Lower (< 28) | 1/77 (1.3) | 1/35 (2.9) | 0/29 (0) | 0/13 (0) | |
| Normal (28-100) | 66/77 (85.7) | 32/35 (91.4) | 22/29 (75.9) | 12/13 (92.3) | |
| Higher (> 100) | 10/77 (13.0) | 2/35 (5.7) | 7/29 (24.1) | 1/13 (7.7) | |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 8.00 (5.90-12.00) | 7.40 (4.30-10.60) | 8.65 (5.98-12.43) | 10.45 (7.98-18.13) | |
| Total | 121/121 (100) | 55/121 (45.4) | 48/121 (39.7) | 18/121 (14.9) | 0.18 |
| Normal (≤ 211, ≤ 262) | 116/121 (95.9) | 54/55 (98.2) | 46/48 (95.8) | 16/18 (88.9) | |
| Higher (> 211, > 262) | 5/121 (4.1) | 1/55 (1.8) | 2/48 (4.2) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
| Albumin, g/L | 36.19 ± 4.87 | 39.25 ± 0.51 | 34.44 ± 0.56 | 31.49 ± 1.03 | |
| Total | 121/121 (100) | 55/121 (45.4) | 48/121 (39.7) | 18/121 (14.9) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 35) | 46/121 (38.0) | 7/55 (12.7) | 27/48 (56.3) | 12/18 (66.7) | |
| Normal (35-52) | 75/121 (62.0) | 48/55 (87.3) | 21/48 (43.8) | 6/18 (33.3) | |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 69.00 (59.00-78.00) | 67.00 (58.00-80.00) | 69.00 (60.00-76.00) | 73.00 (54.75-87.50) | |
| Total | 121/121 (100) | 55/121 (45.4) | 48/121 (39.7) | 18/121 (14.9) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Severe vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 451, < 582) | 13/121 (10.7) | 2/55 (3.6) | 6/48 (12.5) | 5/18 (27.8) | |
| Normal (45-841, 59-1042) | 101/121 (83.5) | 51/55 (92.7) | 41/48 (85.4) | 9/18 (50) | |
| Higher (> 841, > 1042) | 7/121 (5.8) | 2/55 (3.6) | 1/48 (2.1) | 4/18 (22.2) | |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 6.55 (1.60-38.50) | 2.30 (1.20-6.70) | 12.40 (2.68-48.58) | 91.00 (37.3-131.25) | |
| Total | 122/122 (100) | 57/122 (46.7) | 48/122 (39.4) | 17/122 (13.9) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05 |
| Normal (≤ 1) | 15/122 (12.3) | 12/57 (21.1) | 2/48 (4.2) | 1/17 (5.9) | |
| Higher (> 1) | 107/122 (87.7) | 45/57 (78.9) | 46/48 (95.8) | 16/17 (94.1) | |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 46.00 (33.50-66.50) | 41.00 (34.50-58.50) | 52.00 (33.00-77.00) | 55.00 (40.00-148.00) | |
| Total | 101/101 (100) | 49/101 (48.5) | 37/101 (36.6) | 15/101 (14.9) | 0.09 |
| Normal (≤ 170) | 94/101 (93.1) | 46/49 (93.9) | 36/37 (97.3) | 12/15 (80) | |
| Higher (> 170) | 7/101 (6.9) | 3/49 (6.1) | 1/37 (2.7) | 3/15 (20) | |
| Procalcitonin3, ng/mL | |||||
| Total | 91/91 (100) | 37/91 (40.7) | 37/91 (40.7) | 17/91 (18.6) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 0.02) | 6/91 (6.6) | 0/37 (0) | 5/37 (13.5) | 1/17 (5.9) | |
| Normal (0.02-0.05) | 44/91 (48.4) | 25/37 (67.6) | 17/37 (45.9) | 2/17 (11.8) | |
| Higher (> 0.05) | 41/91 (45.0) | 12/37 (32.4) | 15/37 (40.5) | 14/17 (82.4) | |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.24 (3.96-4.64) | 4.24 (3.97-4.40) | 4.30 (3.92-4.75) | 4.15 (3.85-4.59) | |
| Total | 64/64 (100) | 16/64 (25.0) | 36/64 (56.3) | 12/64 (18.7) | 0.27 |
| Lower (< 3.5) | 1/64 (1.6) | 0/16 (0) | 0/36 (0) | 1/12 (8.3) | |
| Normal (3.5-5.1) | 58/64 (90.6) | 14/16 (87.5) | 34/36 (94.4) | 10/12 (83.3) | |
| Higher (> 5.1) | 5/64 (7.8) | 2/16 (12.5) | 2/36 (5.6) | 1/12 (8.3) | |
| Corrected calcium, mmol/L | 2.41 ± 0.10 | 2.41 ± 0.02 | 2.40 ± 0.02 | 2.45 ± 0.04 | |
| Total (< 2.15) | 63/63 (100) | 16/63 (25.4) | 35/63 (55.6) | 12/63 (19.0) | 1.00 |
| Normal (2.15-2.57) | 59/63 (93.7) | 15/16 (93.8) | 33/35 (94.3) | 11/12 (91.7) | |
| Higher (> 2.57) | 4/63 (6.3) | 1/26 (6.3) | 2/35 (5.7) | 1/12 (8.3) | |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.16 ± 0.11 | 2.20 ± 0.01 | 2.14 ± 0.01 | 2.10 ± 0.03 | |
| Total | 120/120 (100) | 54/120 (45.0) | 48/120 (40.0) | 18/120 (15.0) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 2.151, < 2.202) | 68/120 (56.7) | 17/54 (31.5) | 35/48 (72.9) | 16/18 (88.9) | |
| Normal (2.15-2.51, 2.2-2.552) | 52/120 (43.3) | 37/54 (68.5) | 13/48 (27.1) | 2/18 (11.1) | |
| Thrombin time, s | 16.25 (15.28-16.93) | 15.15 (14.53-16.18) | 16.40 (15.55-17.20) | 16.90 (14.73-19.55) | |
| Total | 66/66 (100) | 18/66 (27.3) | 36/66 (54.5) | 12/66 (18.2) | P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 14) | 1/66 (1.5) | 0/18 (0) | 0/36 (0) | 1//36 (8.3) | |
| Normal (14-19) | 57/66 (86.4) | 18/18 (100) | 32/36 (88.9) | 7/36 (58.3) | |
| Higher (> 19) | 8/66 (12.1) | 0/18 (0) | 4/36 (11.1) | 4/36 (33.3) | |
| Prothrombin time, s | 13.65 (13.20-14.23) | 13.25 (13.18-13.60) | 13.95 (13.45-14.28) | 14.00 (13.03-15.28) | |
| Total | 66/66 (100) | 18/66 (27.3) | 36/66 (54.5) | 12/66 (18.2) | P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Normal (11.5-14.5) | 55/66 (83.3) | 18/18 (100) | 30/36 (83.3) | 7/12 (58.3) | |
| Higher (> 14.5) | 11/66 (16.7) | 0/18 (0) | 6/36 (16.7) | 5/12 (41.7) | |
| Prothrombin activity | 94.00 (86.00-100.00) | 99.50 (95.50-102.25) | 90.50 (86.25-96.75) | 88.50 (75.00-105.00) | |
| Total | 66/66 (100) | 18/66 (27.3) | 36/66 (54.5) | 12/66 (18.2) | P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 75) | 7/66 (10.6) | 0/18 (0) | 4/36 (11.1) | 3/12 (25) | |
| Normal (75-125) | 58/66 (87.9) | 18/18 (100) | 32/36 (88.9) | 8/12 (66.7) | |
| Higher (> 125) | 1/66 (1.5) | 0/18 (0) | 0/36 (0) | 1/12 (8.3) | |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 4.46 ± 0.18 | 3.72 ± 0.22 | 4.75 ± 0.25 | 4.68 ± 0.55 | |
| Total | 66/66 (100) | 18/66 (27.3) | 36/66 (54.5) | 12/66 (18.2) | P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Lower (< 2) | 3/66 (4.5) | 0/18 (0) | 1/36 (2.8) | 2/12 (16.7) | |
| Normal (2-4) | 24/66 (36.4) | 11/18 (61.1) | 12/36 (33.3) | 1/12 (8.3) | |
| Higher (> 4) | 39/66 (59.1) | 7/18 (38.9) | 23/36 (63.9) | 9/12 (75) | |
| D-dimer3, μg/mL | |||||
| Total | 124/124 (100) | 57/124 (46.0) | 49/124 (39.5) | 18/124 (14.5) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Normal (< 0.5) | 44/124 (35.5) | 34/57 (59.6) | 10/49 (20.4) | 0/18 (0) | |
| Higher (≥ 0.5) | 80/124 (64.5) | 23/57 (40.4) | 39/49 (79.6) | 18/18 (100) | |
| High-sensitivity cardiac troponin3, pg/mL | |||||
| Total | 123/123 (100) | 56/123 (46.4) | 49/123 (39.0) | 18/123 (14.6) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Normal (≤15.61, ≤34.22) | 117/123 (95.1) | 54/56 (96.4) | 49/49 (100) | 14/18 (77.8) | |
| Higher (>15.61, >34.22) | 6/123 (4.9) | 2/56 (3.6) | 0/49 (0) | 4/18 (22.2) | |
| Amino-terminal pro-brainnatriuretic peptide3, pg/mL | |||||
| Total | 123/123 (100) | 57/123 (45.5) | 49/123 (39.9) | 18/123 (14.6) | P (Moderate vs severe) < 0.05; P (Moderate vs critically ill) < 0.05; P (Severe vs critically ill) < 0.05 |
| Normal (< 2851, < 4862) | 83/123 (67.5) | 50/57 (87.7) | 29/49 (60.4) | 4/18 (22.2) | |
| Higher (≥ 2851, ≥ 4862) | 40/123 (32.5) | 7/57 (12.3) | 19/49 (39.6) | 14/18 (77.8) | |
| Ferritin, μg/L | 468.25 (292.18-1022.08) | 9.80 (4.30-18.68) | 269.05 (169.60-407.23) | 601.60 (383.5-1195.90) | |
| Total | 62/62 (100) | 18/62 (29.0) | 31/62 (50.0) | 13/62 (21.0) | 0.08 |
| Lower (< 151, < 302) | 2/62 (3.2) | 1/18 (5.6) | 1/31 (3.2) | 0/13 (0) | |
| Normal (15-1501, 30-4002) | 15/62 (24.2) | 8/18 (44.4) | 6/31 (19.4) | 1/13 (7.7) | |
| Higher (> 1501, > 4002) | 45/62 (72.6) | 9/18 (50) | 24/31 (77.4) | 12/13 (92.3) |
1
The normal and abnormal range applied to female patients.
2
The normal and abnormal range applied to male patients.
3
Comparisons between groups were not completed because the laboratory item was grade variables.
Data are presented as n/n (%) or mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). The level of each laboratory finding was divided as normal and abnormal levels (lower than normal or higher than normal) according to the standard normal physiological range of our research centers. Average levels of each group were described by mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). Numbers and proportions of patients with different levels of each laboratory item were presented above.