Table 3.

Child physical abuse.

Aspect	Question	Parents' response	Description
Child physical abuse	I punished (pinching) my children if they neglected or refused to complete online assignments.	Most parents do not pinch their children if they neglect their online assignment	Only 1.5% of parents agree that they have pinched their children and 55.7% disagree.
	I punished (pinching) my children if they used gadgets (mobile phone/laptop) too long.	Most parents do not pinch their children when they use gadgets for too long.	Only 5.4% of parents agree they have pinched their children when they use gadgets excessively, and 40.4% disagree.
	I have once forcibly taken (seized) the gadgets (mobile phone/laptop) when the study time was over	Most parents do not take gadgets forcibly when their children's study time is over	6.4% of parents agree they have taken gadgets by force when their children's study time is over, and 59.6% disagree
	I have once hit my children as they failed to obey the rules of studying or they refused to learn	Most parents never hit the children that do not obey the study rules	5.9% of parents agree they have hit the children that do not obey the study rules, and 59.1% disagree