Table 1.
Anti-inflammatory effect of acupuncture on ST36 in body fluids.
| Author | Year | Mouse Model | Acupuncture Method | Target | Inflammatory Markers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang Z, et al. (22) | 2021 | BALB/c mice with breast tumors | 2/15-Hz electroacupuncture (EA) | Serum | IL-1β, TNF-α levels ▽ IL-10 levels △ |
| Blood | Proportions of CD8+ T cells (CD3e+CD8a+) △ Proportions of NK cells (CD3e−CD49b+) △ Proportions of MDSCs* (CD11b+Gr-1+) ▽ |
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| Zhang L, et al. (27) | 2021 | Caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) | 2/15-Hz EA | Plasma | LF/HF* of HRV* ▽ Amylase level ▽ TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels ▽ |
| Pancreatic duct ligation (PDL)-induced pancreatitis | 2/15-Hz EA | Plasma | Amylase level ▽ TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels ▽ |
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| Li Y, et al. (28) | 2021 | Ischemia–reperfusion (gut ischemia) | 10-Hz EA | Plasma | Dopamine concentration △ TNF-α concentration ▽ Plasma dextran (intestinal permeability to 4-kDa FITC* dextran) ▽ |
| Xie DP, et al. (29) | 2020 | Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) | 3-Hz EA | Serum | TNF-α concentration ▽ IL-10 concentration ▽ D-LA* concentration ▽ DAO* concentration ▽ |
| Mesenteric lymph nodes | CD3+CD4+ cells/CD3+CD8+ cells ratio △ Treg/Th17 cells ratio △ |
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| Liu GH, et al. (30) | 2020 | Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis | 2-Hz EA | Plasma | CRP* (inflammatory biomarker) ▽ IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 (proinflammatory cytokines) ▽ adiponectin △ |
| Lim HD, et al. (31) | 2020 | Concanavalin A (ConA) model of hepatitis | Manual acupuncture (MA) 1-Hz, 5-Hz EA |
Serum | TNF-α* ▽ |
| Xie LL, et al. (32) | 2020 | Diet-induced obese knee osteoarthritis models (DIO-KOA) | 30-Hz EA | Serum | TC* ▽ TG* ▽ HDL* △ VEGF, MIP-1α, MIP-2, IP-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1*, leptin ▽ |
| Synovial fluid | VEGF, MIP-1α, MIP-2, IP-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, leptin ▽ | ||||
| Wang L, et al. (33) | 2020 | DSS-induced chronic colitis | 10-Hz EA 100-Hz EA |
Serum | IL-10 level △ IL-6 level ▽ |
| Plasma | FD4 level ▽ | ||||
| Yang NN, et al. (34) | 2020 | Postoperative ileus (POI) model | 2-Hz, 10-Hz, 30-Hz, 100-Hz EA | Serum | TNF-α concentration ▽ IL-6 concentration ▽ |
| Zhao YX, et al. (35) | 2020 | Pentoxifylline (PTX)-injected mechanical allodynia (PTX-induced neuropathic pain) | 10-Hz EA | Serum | IL-1β ▽ TNF-α ▽ |
| Harpin D, et al. (36) | 2020 | Wistar sepsis model | 2-Hz EA | Blood | Urea ▽ Creatinine ▽ |
| Jin H, et al. (37) | 2019 | Intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) | 25-Hz EA 5-Hz EA |
Plasma | TNF-α level ▽ IL-6 level ▽ IL-1β level ▽ |
| Song S, et al. (38) | 2019 | DSS-induced acute colitis | 10-Hz EA 100-Hz EA |
Serum | IL-1β ▽ TNF-α ▽ IL-6 ▽ IL-12 ▽ |
| Wang Z, et al. (39) | 2019 | 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) | 2-Hz EA | Serum | IgE level ▽ |
| Chen T, et al. (40) | 2019 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation | 2-Hz EA | Serum | TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 ▽ Ca2+ ▽ TLR4, NF-κB p65 ▽ |
| Zhang K, et al. (41) | 2018 | Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation | MA | Serum | NPY ▽ MCP-1 △ GRO/KC △ PRL ▽ |
| Tian L, et al. (42) | 2018 | Streptozotocin (STZ)-injected type 1 diabetic mellitus | 10-Hz EA 100-Hz EA |
Serum | MDA* concentration ▽ |
| Zhang L, et al. (43) | 2018 | Myocardial injury sepsis model | 2/100-Hz EA | Plasma | CK-MB* ▽ |
| Chen L, et al. (44) | 2017 | Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats | 2-Hz, 15-Hz EA | Serum | IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17 △ Ca2+ ▽ |
| Geng Y, et al. (45) | 2017 | Intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury | 2/100-Hz EA | Serum | IL-6 ▽ TNF-α ▽ |
| Wang Z, et al. (46) | 2017 | DNFB-induced ACD | 2-Hz EA | Serum | IgE level ▽ |
| Wang Z, et al. (47) | 2017 | Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) | 2-Hz EA | Serum | IgE ▽ OVA-specific IgG ▽ |
| Lim HD, et al. (48) | 2016 | LPS administration endotoxemia | MA 1-Hz EA |
Serum | TNF-α ▽ |
| Liu M, et al. (49) | 2016 | Chronic psychological stress (CPS) model | 2/15-Hz EA | Serum | IgG, IgM, IL-2 △ IL-6 ▽ |
| Geng Y, et al. (50) | 2016 | Intestinal I/R injury | 2/100-Hz EA | Serum | IL-6 ▽ TNF-α ▽ |
| Wen CK, et al. (51) | 2015 | Obese leptin-deficient mice | 2-Hz EA | Serum | Insulin, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol ▽ TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β ▽ |
| Zhu MF, et al. (52) | 2015 | CLP-induced sepsis model | 2/100-Hz EA | Serum | d-Lactose concentration ▽ |
| Hu S, et al. (53) | 2015 | Hemorrhagic shock (HS) | 2/100-Hz EA | Plasma | Plasma dextran (intestinal permeability to 4-kDa FITC dextran) ▽ |
| Song XM, et al. (54) | 2015 | Total body surface area (TBSA) scald subjected thermal injury (TEM) | 3-Hz EA | Plasma | IL-1β ▽ IL-6 ▽ HMGB-1 ▽ |
| Villegas-Bastida A, et al. (55) | 2014 | CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis model | 30-Hz EA | Serum | TNF level ▽ IL-6 level ▽ Nitrite level ▽ HMGB-1 level ▽ |
| Wen CK, et al. (56) | 2014 | High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model | 10-Hz EA | Plasma | ALT*, AST* ▽ Total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid ▽ TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 ▽ |
| Peng MF, et al. (57) | 2014 | Laparotomy-operated rats | 5/20-Hz EA | Serum | TNF-α activity ▽ NO activity ▽ |
| Xue QM, et al. (58) | 2014 | Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) model | 2/100-Hz EA | Serum | TNF-α ▽ IL-6 ▽ Ach △ |
| Song Q, et al. (59) | 2014 | LPS endotoxin challenge | 2/100-Hz EA | Plasma | TNF-α ▽ |
| Serum | ALT, CK-MB, Cr, DAO (heart, liver, kidney, intestine function parameters) ▽ | ||||
| Du MH, et al. (60) | 2013 | HS | 2/100-Hz EA | Plasma | TNF-α, IL-6 ▽ IL-10 △ Plasma dextran (permeability to 4-kDa FITC dextran) ▽ ALT* ▽ CK-MB* ▽ Cr* ▽ |
| Hu S, et al. (61) | 2013 | Intestinal I/R model | 2/100-Hz EA | Plasma | TNF-α ▽ IL-8 ▽ Plasma dextran (intestinal permeability to 4-kDa FITC dextran) ▽ |
| Geng WY, et al. (62) | 2013 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 2/60-Hz EA | Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid | TNF-α ▽ IL-1β ▽ MDA* (lipid oxidation product) ▽ |
| Gim GT, et al. (63) | 2011 | Neuropathic surgery | 2-Hz EA | Serum | IgG concentration △ |
| Liu YM, et al. (64) | 2010 | Experimental autoimmune encephalitis | 1-Hz EA | Supernatant | IFN-γ, IL-17 ▽ IL-4, TGF-β △ |
| Lymphocyte | T-cell proliferation ▽ Th1 (CD4+IFN-γ+ T cell), Th17 (CD4+IL-17+ T cell) ▽ Treg (CD4+Foxp3+ T cell), Th2 (CD4+IL-4+ T cell) △ |
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| Plasma | ACTH △ | ||||
| An HJ, et al. (65) | 2007 | Cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced acute pancreatitis | 100-Hz EA 2-Hz EA |
Serum | β-Amylase, lipase ▽ ACTH release △ |
| Chae Y, et al. (66) | 2007 | Carrageenan-induced paw edema | MA | Serum | IL-6 protein level ▽ NGF* protein level ▽ TIMP*-1 protein level ▽ |
| Yim YK, et al. (67) | 2007 | Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) | 2-Hz EA | Serum | IL-6, IgG, IFN-γ, IgM, TNF-α, Collagen 2 Antibody ▽ |
| Lymph node | CD69+/CD3e+ cell populations ▽ CD11a+/CD19+ cell populations ▽ CD3e+/CD19+ ratio △ CD4+/CD8+ ratio △ |
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| Tian L, et al (68). | 2003 | TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) | 2-Hz EA | Serum | TNF-α concentration ▽ |
*MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; LF/HF, low frequency/high frequency; HRV, heart rate variability; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; D-LA, D-lactic acidosis; DAO, double amine oxidase; CRP, C-reactive protein; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-a; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1; MDA, malondialdehyde; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; Cr, creatinine; NGF, nerve growth factor; TIMP, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase.