Table 4.
Anti-inflammatory effect of acupuncture on ST36 in others.
| Author | Year | Mouse Model | Acupuncture Method | Target | Inflammatory Markers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yang F, et al. (86) | 2021 | Adjuvant-induced arthritics (AIA) | MA | Right ankle homogenate | TNF-α, IL-1β ▽ IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, Il-13, IL-5, RANTES, G-CSF, EPO ▽ IL-1α, IFN-γ, IL-17, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-3α, CXCL1, GM-CSF, M-CSF, VEGF △ |
| Right ankle joint | Population of CD45+CD11b+ macrophages ▽ Proportion of CD86+CD206− (M1 macrophages) ▽ Proportion of CD86−CD206+ (M2 macrophages) △ Ratio of M1/M2 population △ IL-1β protein level ▽ |
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| Zhao P, et al. (76) | 2021 | EAE | 2-Hz EA | Spleen lymphocyte | Proportion of IFN-γ expression ▽ Proportion of IL-17 expression ▽ Proportion of IL-4 expression △ |
| Zhang Z, et al. (22) | 2021 | BALB/c mice with breast tumors | 2/15-Hz EA | Tumor tissue | IL-1β protein expression, TNF-α protein expression ▽ IL-10 protein expression △ Proportions of CD8+ cells △ Proportions of NK cells △ Expression of perforin protein, granzyme B protein △ Proportions of MDSCs (CD11b+Gr-1+) ▽ Expression levels of COX-2* protein, Arg-1 protein ▽ |
| Spleen T cells (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells) | Expression of CD25 △ | ||||
| Zhang L, et al. (27) | 2021 | PDL-induced pancreatitis | 2/15-Hz EA | Lung tissue | MPO expression ▽ |
| Lim HD, et al. (31) | 2020 | ConA model of hepatitis | MA 1-Hz, 5-Hz EA |
Liver tissue | CD68 protein ▽ CD11b protein ▽ TNF-α ▽ p-ERK1/2* expression ▽ |
| Xie LL, et al. (32) | 2020 | DIO-KOA | 30-Hz EA | Knee joint (arthrodial cartilage) | MMP-1, MMP-13 ▽ TLR4, NF-κB p65, NF-κB P-p65 ▽ |
| Zhang K, et al. (87) | 2020 | CFA-induced inflammation model | MA | ST36 tissue | MCP-1, CXCL1, MIP-3a, MIP-1a, RANTES △ IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, IL-13 △ IL-18, IL-10, CRP, IFN-γ ▽ GM-CSF ▽ G-CSF, M-CSF △ Percentage of CD45+CD11b+CD68+ cells △ |
| Wang Z, et al. (39) | 2019 | DNFB-induced ACD | 2-Hz EA | Ear tissue | Number of mast cells ▽ |
| Chen T, et al. (40) | 2019 | LPS-induced inflammation | 2-Hz EA | Spleen mononuclear cell | Ca2+ influx ▽ TLR4 expression ▽ CB2R expression △ |
| Wang Z, et al. (70) | 2018 | DNFB-induced ACD | 2-Hz EA | Ear tissue | Number of mast cells. mast cell infiltration ▽ IL-33 ▽ |
| Zhang K, et al. (41) | 2018 | CFA-induced inflammation | MA | ST36 tissue | TSH, corticosterone, FSH, melatonin, GRO/KC, IL-1β, IL-6, M-CSF △ |
| Hind footpad tissue | BDNF, RANTES, M-CSF ▽ CRH △ |
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| Zhang L, et al. (43) | 2018 | Myocardial injury sepsis model | 2/100-Hz EA | Cardiac tissue | TNF-α content ▽ NO content ▽ MPO content ▽ Moisture rate ▽ |
| Chen L, et al. (44) | 2017 | SD rats | 2-Hz, 15-Hz EA | Spleen | IL-2, IL-17 △ CD4 expression △ Ca2+ concentration △ |
| ST36 tissue | IFN-γ level △ | ||||
| Wang LR, et al. (21) | 2017 | McFarlane flap-established model | 10-Hz EA | Flap tissue | Percentage of survival area △ Mean vessel density △ VEGF* expression △ SOD* activity △ Mean MDA level ▽ |
| Wang Z, et al. (46) | 2017 | DNFB-induced ACD | 2-Hz EA | Ear tissue | Inflammatory cell infiltration ▽ Inflammatory cell densities (numbers) in the dermis ▽ Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β) ▽ Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) ▽ |
| Spleen lymphocyte | CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells ▽ CD4+IL-4+ T cells ▽ p-ERK protein, p-JNK protein ▽ p-p38 protein ▽ |
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| ST36 tissue | IFN-γ, IL-4 ▽ IL-10 △ IL-10+ macrophages percentage △ |
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| Wang Z, et al. (47) | 2017 | OVA-induced DTH | 2-Hz EA | Spleen lymphocyte | IFN-γ, T-bet ▽ T-bet/GATA-3 (Th1/Th2) ratio ▽ |
| Footpad tissue | Number of inflammatory cell ▽ Th1-type cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α) ▽ |
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| Lim HD, et al. (48) | 2016 | LPS administration endotoxemia | MA 1-Hz EA |
Spleen | TNF-α mRNA expression ▽ TNF-α signal intensity ▽ |
| Li H, et al. (88) | 2015 | Third lumbar vertebrae transverse process syndrome | 2/100-Hz EA | Third lumbar vertebrae muscle tissue | IL-1β mRNA expression ▽ TNF-α mRNA expression ▽ iNOS mRNA expression ▽ |
| Song XM, et al. (54) | 2015 | TBSA scald subjected TEM | 3-Hz EA | Lung tissue (bronchial epithelium, luminal surface) |
HMGB-1 expression (mean ODs*) ▽ HMGB-1 mRNA expression ▽ Inflammatory cellular infiltration ▽ |
| Wen CK, et al. (51) | 2015 | Obese leptin-deficient mice | 2-Hz EA | White adipose tissue | Mean area of adipocyte ▽ HIF-1a protein ▽ HIF-1a, VEGFA, S1c2a1, GPX1 mRNA ▽ F4/80, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6 mRNA ▽ F4/80 protein, NF-κB protein ▽ IkBa protein △ |
| Villegas-Bastida A, et al. (55) | 2014 | CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis model | 30-Hz EA | Spleen | Nuclear fraction NF-κB p65 activity ▽ |
| Wen CK, et al. (56) | 2014 | HFD-induced obesity model | 10-Hz EA | Adipose tissue | SREBP1c, ACC, FAS, SCD1 ▽ Area neutrophil+, area CD11b+ ▽ Area F4/80+ ▽ F4/80 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA, MCP-1 mRNA, CD68 mRNA, IL-6 mRNA ▽ |
| Wu SY, et al. (89) | 2014 | CFA-injected inflammatory pain model | MA | ST36 tissue (muscle) | TRPV1, TRPV4, ASIC3, PanX1, Cx43, P2Y1 △ PGP 9.5 ▽ |
| ST36 tissue (subcutaneous loose connective tissue) | TRPV1, TRPV4, ASIC3, Cx43, P2Y1, P2Y2 △ PGP 9.5, PanX1 ▽ |
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| Geng WY, et al. (62) | 2013 | COPD | 2/60-Hz EA | Lung | Bronchi, bronchiole obstruction on lung histopathological sections ▽ RL* ▽ CL* △ |
| Hu S, et al. (61) | 2013 | Intestine-ischemia (I/R) model | 2/100-Hz EA | Lung | TNF-α, IL-8 ▽ |
| Liver | TNF-α, IL-8 ▽ | ||||
| Smeester BA, et al. (90) | 2012 | Tumor-induced hyperalgesia | 4-Hz EA | Osteosarcoma tumor tissue | Pixel NIMP-R14-positive (neutrophils) ▽ Pixel MOMA-2-positive (macrophages) ▽ |
| Fibrosarcoma tumor microperfusate sample | PGE2* ▽ | ||||
| Jiang JH, et al. (91) | 2011 | hSOD1G93A transgenic mice (inherited ALS) | 2-Hz EA | Lung | Iba-1, TNF-α protein ▽ Number of Iba-1, TNF-α immunoreactive cell ▽ IL-6 protein, NF-κB protein expression ▽ p-AKT, p-ERK expression △ |
| Kim HW, et al. (92) | 2008 | Carrageenan-induced inflammation | 1-Hz EA 120-Hz EA |
Subcutaneous tissue of the paw | MPO activity ▽ |
| Yim YK, et al. (67) | 2007 | CIA | 2-Hz EA | Knee joint | Histological changes ▽ |
| Moon PD, et al. (93) | 2007 | Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model | 2-Hz EA | Dorsal skin (tissue protein) | β-Hexosaminidase activity inhibition rate △ IL-6, TNF-α secretion inhibition rate △ NF-κB DNA-binding activity inhibition rate △ |
*COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; p-ERK1/2, phosphor-ERK1/2; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; SOD, superoxide dismutase; ODs, optical densities; RL, lung resistance; CL, lung compliance; PGE2, prostaglandin E2.