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. 2022 Jan 11;24(1):e17273. doi: 10.2196/17273

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©Ming Huang, Jungwei Fan, Julie Prigge, Nilay D Shah, Brian A Costello, Lixia Yao. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 11.01.2022.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Distribution of clinician messaging time in a day. Each color block represents the percentage of messages sent in the corresponding time slice during a day. NP: nurse practitioner; PA: physician assistant; RN: registered nurse.