Table 1. EcoScale Analysis of the Proposed 2-GG Process^a.

parameter		description	penalty points
1.	Yield	2-GG yield (83%) of the reaction was taken	9
2.	Price of reaction components (to obtain 10 mmol of the end product)	∼10 t product with a 2-GG content of 50 wt % is produced annually → 19.7 kmol 2-GG a–1 total raw material costs are 566,825 € a–1	0
3.	Safety	Hazard compounds:
		Organic phase of the extraction processb	15
		1-Octanol
		n-Heptane (F, N)c
		Napthalene-2-boronic acid
		Aliquat 336 (N, T)c
		Stripping phase of the stripping process	5
		HNO3 (T)c
4.	Technical setupd	Pressure equipment	3
		Packed-bed reactor
		Instruments for controlled addition of chemicals	1
		Pump (constant flow rate)
5.	Temperature/time	Reaction temperature 40 °C (>1 h)	3
6.	Workup and purification	Dilution (adding solvent)	0
		Extraction-stripping (liquid–liquid extraction)	3
		Ultrafiltration (filtration)	1
		Borate removal (solid phase extraction)	2
		Diafiltration (filtration)	1
		Permeate evaporation (removal of solvent with bp < 150 °C)	0
		Retentate evaporation (removal of solvent with bp < 150 °C)	0
		Ultrafiltration (filtration)	1
Totale			44

^aA detailed description of the EcoScale can be found in Van Aken et al. (2006).²³

^bIt was assumed that the organic phase is one entity. If two compounds shared the same hazard warning symbol, it was only counted as one.

^cF, highly flammable; N, dangerous to the environment; and T, toxic.

^dTechnical setup of the biosynthesis is considered.

^eRanking: <25 excellent, <50 acceptable, and >50 inadequate.