Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients in study cohort
| Characteristics | No OAD (n = 6535) | Non-titrators (n = 3786) | Titrators (n = 34978) | Full cohort (n = 57910) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients, n (%) | 6535 (100) | 3786 (100) | 34978 (100) | 57910 (100) |
| Age (year), mean (SD) | 71.9 (11.0) | 68.6 (10.9) | 64.0 (10.9) | 65.4 (11.8) |
| Sex, males, n (%) | 2801 (42.9) | 1788 (47.2) | 16997 (48.6) | 28107 (48.5) |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| Chinese | 5396 (82.6) | 2876 (76.0) | 24530 (70.1) | 41036 (70.9) |
| Malay | 600 (9.2) | 471 (12.4) | 5478 (15.7) | 8741 (15.1) |
| Indian | 339 (5.2) | 284 (7.5) | 3448 (9.9) | 5525 (9.5) |
| Others | 200 (3.1) | 155 (4.1) | 1549 (4.4) | 2608 (4.5) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.4 (4.4) | 25.9 (4.6) | 26.7 (4.8) | 26.5 (4.8) |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Dyslipidemia | 6109(93.5) | 3559(94.0) | 32893(94.0) | 53609(92.6) |
| Hypertension | 5944(91.0) | 3393(89.6) | 30620(87.5) | 50483(87.2) |
| Years with diabetes at base visit, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 5473 (83.7) | 279 (7.4) | 5190 (14.8) | 14625 (25.3) |
| 1 | 79 (1.2) | 422 (11.1) | 303 1(8.7) | 4731 (8.2) |
| 2 | 150 (2.3) | 430 (11.4) | 3120 (8.9) | 4859 (8.4) |
| 3 | 633 (9.7) | 2494 (65.9) | 22008 (62.9) | 31137 (53.8) |
| 4 | 63 (1.0) | 53 (1.4) | 448 (1.3) | 715 (1.2) |
| ≥5 | 137 (2.1) | 108 (2.9) | 1182 (3.4) | 1843 (3.2) |
| Number of HbA1c tests per year, mean (SD) | 2.1(0.9) | 2.2(1.1) | 3.2(0.9) | 2.8(1.2) |
| Number of OAD prescribed, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 6535 (100.0) | 9 (0.2) | 3737 (10.7) | 13176 (22.8) |
| 1 | 0 (0.0) | 2685 (70.9) | 13234 (37.8) | 20517 (35.4) |
| 2 | 0 (0.0) | 949 (25.1) | 13741 (39.3) | 18776 (32.4) |
| 3 | 0 (0.0) | 129 (3.4) | 3745 (10.7) | 4782 (8.3) |
| 4 | 0 (0.0) | 14 (0.4) | 521 (1.5) | 659 (1.1) |
| On insulin, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 37 (1.0) | 3868 (11.1) | 5538 (9.6) |
| HbA1c group, n (%) | ||||
| <7.0 | 5735 (87.8) | 2627 (69.4) | 13886 (39.7) | 26901 (46.5) |
| 7.0–7.9 | 252 (3.9) | 852 (22.5) | 11425 (32.7) | 15299 (26.4) |
| 8.0–8.9 | 15 (0.2) | 124 (3.3) | 4292 (12.3) | 5722 (9.9) |
| 9.0–9.9 | 1 (0.0) | 29 (0.8) | 1771 (5.1) | 2560 (4.4) |
| ≥10 | 1 (0.0) | 38 (1.0) | 1828 (5.2) | 2961 (5.1) |
| Missing1 | 531 (8.1) | 116 (3.1) | 1776 (5.1) | 4467 (7.7) |
| Number of OAD prescriptions per year, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.2 (1.3) | 3.5 (1.2) | 3.1 (1.5) |
1These patients did not have a HbA1c test done at their baseline visit. Abbreviations: HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, OAD oral anti-diabetic drug, SD standard deviation