Fig. 1.

(A) Safranin-O fast green staining shows progressive proteoglycan loss and the cartilage damage at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Scale bar, 200 μm. (B, C) Histologic OA score of the articular cartilage at 4 and 8 weeks. (D, E) Immunostaining and quantitative analysis for TRAP in sagittal sections of the subchondral bone medial compartment at 4 weeks after ACLT surgery. Scale bar, 50 μm. Vehicle = ACLT surgery treated with vehicle. ALN = ACLT surgery treated with alendronate. Numerical data are presented as means ± SD; ^**p < 0.01 compared to the sham group, ^##p < 0.01 compared to the vehicle group