Table 18.
Survey instrument
| Measures | Mean | SD | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| End user performance | (Tarafdar et al., 2010) | ||
| PR1 This technology helps to improve the quality of my work. | 4.17 | 0.60 | |
| PR2 This technology helps to improve my productivity. | 4.27 | 0.72 | |
| PR3 This technology helps me to accomplish more work than would otherwise be possible | 4.54 | 0.68 | |
| PR4 This technology helps me to perform my job better. | 4.28 | 0.68 | |
| INN1 This technology helps me to identify innovative ways of doing my job. | 3.87 | 0.83 | |
| INN 2This technology helps me to come up with new ideas relating to my job. | 3.86 | 0.84 | |
| INN3 This technology helps me to try out innovative ideas. | 3.71 | 0.85 | |
| Technostress creators | Tarafdar et al., 2010) | ||
| Techno-overload | |||
| I1_1—I am forced by this technology to work much faster. | 3.00 | 0.98 | |
| I1_2—I am forced by this technology to do more work than I can handle. | 2.90 | 0.87 | |
| I1_3—I am forced by this technology to work with very tight time schedules. | 3.64 | 1.10 | |
| I1_4—I am forced to change my work habits to adapt to new technologies. | 3.53 | 0.94 | |
| I1_5—I have a higher workload because of increased technology complexity. | 3.40 | 1.00 | |
| Techno-invasion | |||
| I1_8—I spend less time with my family due to this technology. | 2.59 | 1.02 | |
| I1_9—I have to be in touch with my work even during my vacation due to this technology. | 3.15 | 1.04 | |
| I1_10—I have to sacrifice my vacation and weekend time to keep current on new technologies. | 2.60 | 0.96 | |
| I1_11—I feel my personal life is being invaded by this technology. | 2.28 | 1.15 | |
| Techno-complexity | |||
| I1_12—I do not know enough about this technology to handle my job satisfactorily. | 2.06 | 0.98 | |
| I1_13—I need a long time to understand and use new technologies. | 1.96 | 0.96 | |
| I1_14—I do not find enough time to study and upgrade my technology skills. | 3.34 | 1.02 | |
| I1_15—I find new recruits to this organisation know more about computer technology than I do. | 2.67 | 0.93 | |
| I1_16—I often find it too complex for me to understand and use new technologies. | 1.97 | 0.94 | |
| Techno-insecurity | |||
| I1_17—I feel constant threat to my job security due to new technologies. | 2.36 | 0.86 | |
| I1_18—I have to constantly update my skills to avoid being replaced. | 3.16 | 0.92 | |
| I1_19—I am threatened by co-workers with newer technology skills. | 2.52 | 0.94 | |
| I1_20—I do not share my knowledge with my co-workers for fear of being replaced. | 1.95 | 0.83 | |
| I1_21—I feel there is less sharing of knowledge among co-workers for fear of being replaced. | 2.53 | 0.99 | |
| Techno-uncertainty | |||
| I1_22—There are always new developments in the technologies we use in our organisation. | 3.51 | 0.79 | |
| I1_23—There are constant changes in computer software in our organisation. | 3.42 | 0.82 | |
| I1_24—There are constant changes in computer hardware in our organisation. | 2.92 | 0.87 | |
| I1_25—There are frequent upgrades in computer networks in our organisation. | 3.13 | 0.85 | |
| Job satisfaction | (Cammann et al., 1979) | ||
| JS1 All in all, I am satisfied with my job. | 3.73 | 0.77 | |
| JS2 In general, I don’t like my job. | 3.90 | 0.85 | |
| JS3 In general, I like working here. | 3.97 | 0.90 | |
| End user Satisfaction | (Bhattacherjee, 2001) | ||
| ES1 I am _____________ with my use of I CT’s in connection with my work tasks. | 3.93 | 0.69 | Very dissatisfied/Very satisfied, |
| ES2 I am _____________ with my use of ICT’s in connection with my work tasks. | 3.75 | 0.67 | Very displeased/Very pleased, |
| ES3 I am _____________ with my use of ICT’s in connection with my work tasks. | 3.76 | 0.75 | Very frustrated /Very Contented |
| ES4 I am _____________ with my use of ICT’s in connection with my work tasks. | 3.44 | 0.59 | Absolutely Terrible/Absolutely Delighted |
| IT Mindfulness | (Thatcher et al., 2018) | ||
| AD I am very creative when using this technology. | 3.59 | 0.88 | |
| ON I am often open to learning new ways of using this technology. | 4.09 | 0.89 | |
| MP I like to figure out different ways of using this technology. | 4.21 | 0.77 | |
| OP I get involved when ‘using’ this technology. | 4.00 | 0.83 | |
| Mindfulness | (Brown & Ryan, 2003) | ||
| I could be experiencing some emotion and not be conscious of it until sometime later. | 4.60 | 1.12 | |
| I break or spill things because of carelessness, not paying attention, or thinking of something else. | 4.69 | 0.98 | |
| I find it difficult to stay focused on what’s happening in the present. | 4.02 | 1.13 | |
| I tend to walk quickly to get where I’m going without paying attention to what I experience along the way. | 3.72 | 1.25 | |
| I tend not to notice feelings of physical tension or discomfort until they really grab my attention. | 4.14 | 1.18 | |
| I forget a person’s name almost as soon as I’ve been told it for the first time. | 3.14 | 1.25 | |
| It seems I am “running on automatic,” without much awareness of what I’m doing. | 4.01 | 1.16 | |
| I rush through activities without being really attentive to them. | 4.12 | 1.12 | |
| I get so focused on the goal I want to achieve that I lose touch with what I’m doing right now to get there. | 4.26 | 1.22 | |
| I do jobs or tasks automatically, without being aware of what I’m doing. | 4.20 | 1.13 | |
| I find myself listening to someone with one ear, doing something else at the same time. | 3.18 | 1.17 | |
| I drive places on ‘automatic pilot’ and then wonder why I went there. | 4.56 | 1.21 | |
| I find myself preoccupied with the future or the past. | 3.18 | 1.18 | |
| I snack without being aware that I’m eating. | 4.04 | 1.17 | |
| I find myself doing things without paying attention. | 4.86 | 1.21 |