Table 1.
Characteristics of long-stay nursing home residents with life-limiting illness. N= 361,170 residents, 14,147 facilities, 306 hospital referral regions (HRRs)
| Characteristics (%*) | Overall (n=361,170) | 65–75 years-olds (n=77,819) | ≥76 years-olds (n=283,351) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resident- level | |||
| Women | 71.5 | 54.5 | 76.1 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 79.8 | 72.3 | 81.8 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 13.0 | 20.1 | 11.1 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 5.0 | 5.6 | 4.9 |
| Other | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 |
| Functional dependence | |||
| None to limited assistance required | 21.2 | 26.3 | 19.8 |
| Extensive assistance required | 57.9 | 51.7 | 59.6 |
| Complete assistance required/dependent | 20.9 | 22.0 | 20.6 |
| Cognitive impairment | |||
| None/Intact | 25.1 | 41.2 | 20.7 |
| Mild | 24.3 | 25.2 | 24.0 |
| Moderate | 42.2 | 26.9 | 46.4 |
| Severe | 8.4 | 6.7 | 8.9 |
| Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk | |||
| ASCVD diagnosis | 29.9 | 35.9 | 28.2 |
| ≥1 risk factor for ASCVD without the dx | 60.9 | 55.6 | 62.3 |
| No risk factors for ASCVD | 9.3 | 8.5 | 9.5 |
| Facility- level | |||
| Ownership | |||
| For-profit | 71.0 | 79.5 | 68.7 |
| Government | 21.3 | 13.6 | 23.4 |
| Non-profit | 7.7 | 6.9 | 7.9 |
| Chain status | |||
| Part of chain | 56.1 | 59.9 | 55.0 |
| Facility specialty services | |||
| Alzheimer/dementia care unit | 21.0 | 18.3 | 21.7 |
| No special care unit | 76.7 | 78.6 | 76.2 |
| Facility size (no. beds) | |||
| <50 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3.8 |
| 50–100 | 27.5 | 25.6 | 28.0 |
| 100–200 | 55.4 | 57.4 | 54.8 |
| >200 | 13.6 | 14.6 | 13.4 |
| Occupancy | |||
| <80% | 28.1 | 31.5 | 27.2 |
| % Black/African American residents | |||
| 0 to <15% | 73.2 | 62.5 | 76.2 |
| 15 to <50% | 21.0 | 28.3 | 19.0 |
| ≥50% | 5.8 | 9.2 | 4.8 |
| % of residents dependent in activities of daily living (ADLs) | |||
| >50% | 11.0 | 11.6 | 10.8 |
| % skilled nursing care | |||
| ≥50% | 36.0 | 30.0 | 37.7 |
| % hospice use | |||
| <5% | 15.3 | 13.8 | 15.7 |
| 5–10% | 15.8 | 14.8 | 16.1 |
| 10–20% | 30.1 | 29.7 | 30.2 |
| ≥20% | 38.9 | 41.8 | 38.0 |
| Facility average # of medications per resident | |||
| ≥6 medications | 71.5 | 73.5 | 70.9 |
| Staffing | |||
| No Full-time medical director | 95.3 | 95.0 | 95.4 |
| No physician extender | 27.1 | 25.8 | 27.5 |
| Registered nurse < 30 minutes per resident per day | 53.7 | 59.7 | 52.0 |
| Direct care < 3 hours per resident per day | 7.9 | 10.0 | 7.3 |
| Nursing homes quality measures | |||
| ≥5% bed sores | 53.3 | 59.1 | 51.7 |
| ≥5% residents restrained | 3.6 | 4.2 | 3.5 |
| Facility average # of deficiencies in 2016 survey | |||
| 0–1 | 17.8 | 15.8 | 18.3 |
| 2–5 | 31.9 | 29.5 | 32.5 |
| ≥6 | 50.4 | 54.7 | 49.2 |
| Overall Nursing Home Compare Star rating | |||
| 1 | 18.6 | 23.5 | 17.3 |
| 2 | 19.4 | 21.7 | 18.7 |
| 3 | 19.3 | 19.6 | 19.2 |
| 4 | 23.2 | 20.4 | 24.0 |
| 5 | 19.6 | 14.8 | 20.9 |
| Regional- level | |||
| Rural location | 26.7 | 24.9 | 27.2 |
| US census region | |||
| Northeast | 23.2 | 20.1 | 24.0 |
| Midwest | 27.5 | 25.0 | 28.2 |
| South | 39.2 | 43.4 | 38.0 |
| West | 10.2 | 11.5 | 9.8 |
| Highest HRR quartile of end-of-life healthcare | |||
| Hospital days per decedent | 33.5 | 33.6 | 33.5 |
| % deaths occurring in the hospital | 26.6 | 25.8 | 26.8 |
| % deaths with included time in intensive care unit | 27.0 | 28.3 | 26.7 |
| Intensive care days per decedent | 24.6 | 25.7 | 24.2 |
| SNF days per decedent | 35.5 | 34.7 | 35.7 |
| % enrolled in hospice | 22.3 | 23.6 | 21.9 |
| Total physician visits per decedent | 31.3 | 32.6 | 30.9 |
| % of patients seeing ≥10 different physicians | 37.2 | 37.1 | 37.2 |
| Ratio of medical specialty to primary care | 30.6 | 31.2 | 30.5 |
*
May not round to 100% because of rounding.
ADL indicates activities of daily living; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; HRR, hospital referral regions; SNF, skilled nursing facility.