Table 1.

Risk stratification of bleeding risk for the fetus/neonate in women with VWD¹⁶

Risk level	Possible or confirmed fetal diagnosis	Suggested management of delivery
High	Type 3 VWD	• Discuss MOD, taking maternal and fetal factors into consideration, but avoid midcavity forceps, ventouse delivery; FBS, FSE, rotational forceps, and external cephalic version
Medium	Type 2 VWD	• Avoid midcavity forceps, ventouse, rotational forceps, and external cephalic version • Judicious use of FBS and FSE to facilitate vaginal delivery
Mild	Clinically moderate or severe type 1 VWD in family	• Consider avoidance of ventouse and external cephalic version • Judicious use of rotational forceps, FBS, and FSE
Unlikely to be at risk	Clinically mild type 1 VWD in family	• No special precautions

FBS, fetal blood sampling; FSE, fetal scalp electrode.