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. 2022 Jan 12;12:698166. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.698166

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Copyright © 2022 Valentine, Mostafa, Tokuoka, Hamano, Inagaki, Nordin, Motohashi, Kita, Aoki, Shimizu and Shindou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolic gene expressions in healthy skeletal muscles of adult (14–16-week-old) C57BL/6 mice raised on CE-2 standard chow. mRNA levels were measured by qPCR and protein levels (for TnnI1 and TnnI2) were detected by Western blotting. EDL was selected as a “standard” muscle to determine the statistical variations, and the plotted values reflect relative abundances compared to the levels in EDL (arbitrarily set to “1”). Compared to EDL, SOL had markedly high levels of slow-type troponins TnnC1, TnnI1, and TnnT1 (A) and moderately decreased fast-type troponins TnnC2 and TnnI2 (B). Similar patterns in SOL were observed for the protein levels of TnnI1 (high levels) and TnnI2 (moderately decreased) (C,D). mRNA levels of AGPATs (E) and PPARs/PGC1-alpha transcriptional regulators (F) were also determined. mRNA levels were normalized to 18S RNA and protein levels were normalized to Tubulin. The means ± SD are plotted. Statistical significance is based on Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests. *p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01; n = 4 mice/group.