Table 3.

Phytochemical/Synthetic Nanoformulations in Combating HD and MS

Disease	Component	Nano Vehicle/Method	Study Types	Results	References
HD	Phytochemicals Nanoformulations
	Curcumin	SLN	In vivo: female Wistar Rats	↑bioavailability, ↑GSH, ↑SOD	[211]
	Rosmarinic acid	SLN	In vitro/in vivo: Wistar rat	↓3-NP-induced impairments, ↓oxidative stress through ↑GSH and CAT, ↑brain medication concentration	[213]
MS	Nanoformulations of Synthetics Drugs
	Dimethyl fumarate	Nanocarriers	In vivo: Laca mice	↓dosage frequency	[215]
		SLN	In vitro: SH-SY5Y cells; In vivo: Wistar rats	↑bioavailability, ↑biological residence, ↑brain absorption	[216]
		SLN	In vitro: mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells; In vivo: Male, athymic mice	↑permeability values and brain absorption	[217]

Abbreviations: ↑, increase or upregulation; ↓, decrease or downregulation; 3-NP, 3-nitropropionic-acid; CAT, catalase; GSH, glutathione; HD, Huntington’s disease; MS, multiple sclerosis; NP, nanoparticles; SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles; SOD, superoxide dismutase.