Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by AKI status in the study cohorts
| Clinical Variable | Coronavirus Disease 2019 | Influenza | ||||
| No AKI (n=219) | AKI (n=106) | P value | No AKI (n=290) | AKI (n=143) | P value | |
| Age (yr) | 62 (47–75) | 67 (57–81) | 0.01 | 72 (59–85) | 73 (60–84) | 0.5 |
| Female | 111 (51) | 47 (44) | 0.3 | 180 (62) | 81 (57) | 0.3 |
| Race | 0.006 | 0.02 | ||||
| Black | 99 (45) | 68 (64) | 58 (20) | 46 (32) | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 86 (39) | 28 (26) | 221 (76) | 92 (64) | ||
| Hispanic/other | 34 (16) | 10 (9) | 11 (4) | 5 (4) | ||
| Primary payor | <0.0001 | 0.09 | ||||
| Medicare | 110 (50) | 76 (72) | 215 (74) | 116 (81) | ||
| Medicaid | 38 (17) | 13 (12) | 32 (11) | 17 (12) | ||
| Managed care | 71 (32) | 15 (14) | 41 (14) | 9 (6) | ||
| Other | 0 | 2 (2) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.2 (26.3–36.1) | 28.6 (24.4–37.1) | 0.99 | 27.9 (23.9–33.8) | 29.6 (24.7–34.9) | 0.2 |
| Residence on admit | 0.03 | 0.07 | ||||
| Home | 177 (81) | 74 (70) | 261 (90) | 120 (84) | ||
| Other | 42 (19) | 32 (30) | 29 (10) | 23 (16) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 71 (37) | 56 (58) | 0.0005 | 87 (33) | 56 (42) | 0.07 |
| Hypertension | 96 (50) | 60 (63) | 0.04 | 165 (62) | 93 (69) | 0.1 |
| Heart failure | 34 (18) | 35 (37) | 0.0004 | 60 (22) | 52 (39) | 0.0005 |
| CAD | 31 (16) | 26 (27) | 0.03 | 76 (28) | 41 (31) | 0.6 |
| PVD | 14 (7) | 8 (8) | 0.7 | 30 (11) | 15 (11) | 1 |
| COPD | 33 (17) | 18 (19) | 0.7 | 103 (38) | 48 (36) | 0.6 |
| Asthma | 33 (17) | 22 (23) | 0.2 | 86 (32) | 41 (31) | 0.8 |
| CKD | 25 (13) | 52 (54) | <0.0001 | 44 (16) | 76 (56) | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidity count | 0.0001 | 0.009 | ||||
| 0–1 | 98 (51) | 30 (31) | 98 (37) | 33 (24) | ||
| 2–3 | 65 (34) | 31 (32) | 91 (34) | 43 (32) | ||
| 4+ | 30 (16) | 35 (37) | 79 (30) | 59 (44) | ||
| RAAS medications | 74 (34) | 53 (50) | 0.005 | 121 (42) | 71 (50) | 0.1 |
| Immunosuppression | 24 (11) | 14 (13) | 0.6 | 131 (45) | 66 (46) | 0.8 |
| Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio | 4.2 (2.6–8.4) | 4.5 (2.9–8.1) | 0.2 | 7.2 (4.0–13.6) | 6.8 (4.0–11.2) | 0.9 |
| Baseline sCr (mg/dl) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | <0.0001 | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as median (IQR) or number (%). BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; RAAS, renin angiotensin aldosterone system; sCr, serum creatinine.