Table 4.
Independent predictors for AKI in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 versus influenza
| Variables | Coronavirus Disease 2019 | Influenza | ||||
| Model 1 Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Model 2 Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Model 3 Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Model 1 Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Model 2 Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | Model 3 Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female (reference) | – | – | – | – | ||
| Male | 1.42 (0.88 to 2.31) | 1.62 (0.91 to 2.89) | 1.49 (0.81 to 2.76) | 1.42 (0.93 to 2.16) | 1.43 (0.87 to 2.33) | 1.37 (0.83 to 2.25) |
| Age at hospital admission | 1.02a (1.01 to 1.04) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| NHW (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| B | 2.54a (1.47 to 4.41) | 2.13b (1.11 to 4.10) | 3.03a (1.52 to 6.27) | 2.37a (1.43 to 3.91) | 1.89 (1.05 to 3.39) | 1.95b (1.07 to 3.54) |
| Hispanic/Other | 1.21 (0.51 to 2.86) | 0.84 (0.28 to 2.53) | 0.84 (0.26 to 2.52) | 1.29 (0.43 to 3.91) | 1.49 (0.44 to 5.03) | 1.44 (0.39 to 4.77) |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| No (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.53 (0.82 to 2.84) | 1.39 (0.71 to 2.70) | 1.01 (0.61 to 1.68) | 0.97 (0.58 to 1.61) | ||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.11 (0.59 to 2.08) | 1.26 (0.64 to 2.46) | 0.70 (0.40 to 1.21) | 0.69 (0.39 to 1.19) | ||
| CHF | ||||||
| No (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.68 (0.79 to 3.59) | 1.63 (0.73 to 3.61) | 1.91b (1.08 to 3.37) | 1.84b (1.04 to 3.29) | ||
| CAD | ||||||
| No (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 0.76 (0.33 to 1.74) | 0.82 (0.33 to 1.97) | 0.63 (0.34 to 1.14) | 0.63 (0.34 to 1.13) | ||
| CKD | ||||||
| No (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 7.03c (3.44 to 14.38) | 7.84c (3.69 to 17.52) | 6.51c (3.81 to 11.11) | 6.66c (3.92 to 11.58) | ||
| Mechanical ventilation | ||||||
| No (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 5.85c (2.30 to 15.63) | 2.05 (0.76 to 5.58) | ||||
| ICU transfer | ||||||
| No (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.56 (0.80 to 3.04) | 1.36 (0.81 to 2.27) | ||||
NHW, non-Hispanic White; B, Black; CHF, congestive heart failure; CAD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease.
a
P<0.01.
b
P<0.05.
c
P<0.001.