Table 1.

Randomized controlled trials reporting an initial dip of eGFR

Trial Name	Agent Studied	Primary Outcomes	Observed Early Drop in eGFR
CREDENCE (8)	Canagliflozin	Reduction in the composite risk of ESKD, doubling serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.82), compared with placebo.	5 ml/min per 1.73 m2
DAPA-CKD (9)	Dapagliflozin	Reduction in the risk of 50% eGFR decline, ESKD, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.72), compared with placebo.	4 ml/min per 1.73 m2
EMPEROR-Reduced (5)	Empagliflozin	Reduction of the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.86), compared with placebo.	4 ml/min per 1.73 m2
EMPA-REG Outcome (11)	Empagliflozin	Canagliflozin decreased the risk of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.99), compared with placebo.	3–4 ml/min per 1.73 m2
CANTATA-SU (12)	Canagliflozin	Canagliflozin slowed the progression of kidney disease compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 DM (P<0.01 for each canagliflozin group versus glimepiride).	3–6 ml/min per 1.73 m2

CREDENCE, Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation; HR, hazard ratio; DAPA-CKD, Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD; EMPEROR-Reduced, Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction; EMPA-REG Outcome, Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients; CANTATA-SU, Canagliflozin Treatment and Trial Analysis–Sulfonylurea; DM, diabetes mellitus.