Table 1. Time periods of CESM2 pacemaker simulations over pantropics.

The three different periods for each El Niño pacemaker simulation and the corresponding averaging periods for calculating the climatological-mean SSTs.

Experiments	Target SST	1982/1983 El Niño	1997/1998 El Niño	2015/2016 El Niño	2007/2008 La Niña	2017/2018 La Niña
ENSO pacemaker simulations	Observed SSTs in the deep tropics	1982.04–1983.03	1997.04–1998.03	2015.04–2016.03	2007.04–2008.03	2017.04–2018.03
Control simulation	Climatological- mean SSTs in the deep tropics	Avg. (1981–1999)	Avg. (1986–2005)	Avg. (2000–2018)	Avg. (2000–2018)	Avg. (2000–2018)